846 Dipsacaceae; Curcurbitaceae 



1. Scabiosa japonica Miq. S. fischeri var. japonica brous, invested by an 8-ribbed pilose involucel. Aug.-Oct. 



(Miq.) Nakai; S. comosa var. japonica (Miq.) Tatev/.; S. Sunny grassy slopes in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shi- 



tschiliensis var. japonica (Miq.) Hurusavifa Matsumushi- koku, Kyushu; common. 



so. Slighdy pubescent biennial herb widi a thick root; Var. acutiloba Hara. S. jezoends Nakai Ezo-matsu- 



stems 30-80 cm. long, erect, branched; cauline leaves slightly mushi-so. Lobes of leaves more acute at apex. Northern 



thickened at base, pinnately compound, 5-10 cm. long, the phase; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. distr.). 



lobes ovate, incised or again cleft into nearly linear segments; Var. alpina Takeda. S. fischeri var. longiseta Hara '■ 



peduncles very long; heads at anthesis flat, 2.5-5 cm. across, Takane-matsumushi-s6. Plant dwarf; flowers rather large; 



globose in fruit, about 1.5 cm. across; corollas blue, the mar- calyx radier long-spined. Alpine; Honshu and Shikoku. 



ginal rays elongate; fruit fusiform, about 3.5 mm. long, gla- 



Fam. 191. CUCURBITACEAE Uri Ka Gourd Family 



Tendril-bearing scandent (rarely odierwise) herbs, sometimes woody at base, often scabrid; flowers unisexual, actinomorphic 

 (plants monoecious or dioecious); calyx of the staminate flowers short-tubular or obconical, the lobes imbricate or not over- 

 lapping in bud; corolla gamopetalous or polypetalous, the petals imbricate or induplicate-valvate in bud; stamens usually 3, 

 free or variously connate, one of the anthers 1-locular, the others 2-locular, locules straight or flexuous; calyx-tube of the pistillate 

 flowers adnate to the ovary; ovary inferior, with 3 parietal placentae often meeting in the center; ovules many or sometimes few; 



style simple or rarely 3, free, the stigma thickened; fruit a pepo, usually fleshy; seeds usually flat, without endosperm. 



About 100 genera, with about 860 species, chiefly in the Tropics and warmer temperate regions. 



lA. Flowers rather large, more than 1 cm. across; fruit more than 2 cm. long. 



2A. Flowers less than 6 cm. across, white; corolla finely fimbriate on margin; fruit 5-10 cm. long 1. Trichosanthes 



2B. Flowers 6-7 cm. across, yellow; corolla not fimbriate; fruit 4-5 cm. long 2. Thladiantha 



IB. Flowers small and less than 1 cm. across; fruit small, to 2 cm. long. 

 3 A. Leaves simple or often lobed; stamens free or connate only at base. 



4A. Stamens 5; corolla-lobes caudate; fruit circumscissile; seeds 2-4, rather large 3. Actinostemma 



4B. Stamens 3 ; corolla-lobes acute; fruit not circumscissile. 



5A. Seeds horizontal within the fruit, many 4. Melothria 



5B. Seeds perpendicular within the fruit, solitary in each locule 5. Schizopepon 



3B. Leaves palmately compound, (3-)5-foliolate; stamens connate, forming a column; fruit black 6. Gynostemma 



1. TRICHOSANTHES L. Karasu-uri Zoku 



Annuals or perennials often with thickened roots; leaves 3- to 5-lobed or undivided; tendrils with 1-5 branches; flowers uni- 

 sexual (plants often dioecious), the staminate solitary or in racemes, more than 1 cm. across, white; calyx-limb 5-lobed; corolla 

 hypocrateriform, the limb nearly 5-parted, the segments fimbriate on margin; stamens 3, the filaments very short, the anther- 

 locules S-shaped; pistillate flowers solitary; ovary oblong, l-locular, the placentae 3-5, parietal, bifid; style short, the stigma 

 capitate, entire or shallowly 3-lobed; ovules many, horizontal or slightly pendulous; fruit oblong or ovoid-globose, rarely elongate- 

 cylindric, 5-10 cm. long, many-seeded. About 50 species, in s. and e. Asia, and Australia. 



lA. Stems soon glabrous; seeds flat, 1-locular, usually ellipsoidal, without a longitudinal band. 



2A. Calyx-segments toothed; leaves palmately 5- to 7-cleft, scabrous; fruiting peduncles 2-3 cm. long; seeds truncate 1. T. bracteata 



2B. Calyx-segments entire. 



3A. Calyx-tube of pistillate flowers 2—2.5 cm. long; calyx-segments in both sexes 5-6 mm. long; fruiting peduncles 7-25 cm. long; 



fruit red 2. T. multiloba 



3B. Calyx-tube of pistillate flowers 3.5-4 cm. long, calyx-segments in both sexes 10-12 mm. long; fruiting peduncles 2-3 cm. long; 



fruit yellow 3. T. kirilowii var. japonica 



IB. Stems puberulent; seeds slightly inflated, usually 3-locular, usually broader than long, with a longitudinal broad band on the face. 



4A. Calyx-segments 3-4 mm. long; tendrils with 1 or 2 branches; fruit rounded at apex 4. T. citcumeroides 



4B. Calyx-segments 8-10 mm. long; tendrils with 2 or 3 branches; fruit beaked at apex 5. T. rostrata 



1. Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam.) Voigt. Modecca 2. Trichosanthes multiloba Miq. Momiji-karasu-uri. 



(?) bracteata Lam.; T. shH{p\iana Makino O-karasu-uri. Roots thickened; stems and leaves soft brown-pubescent while 



Roots thickened; stems glabrous; leaves petiolate, cordate or young; leaves orbicular-cordate, short-pilose on both sides 



reniform-cordate, 8-15 cm. long and as wide, scabrous, loosely and slightly scabrous, palmately 5- to 9-cleft, the lobes broadly 



short-pubescent beneath especially on nerves while young, lanceolate or nearly obovate, acuminate; fruiting peduncles 



palmately 5- to 7-cleft, the terminal lobe ovate or ovate-deltoid; 7-25 cm. long; staminate spikes 10-25 cm. long; bracts broadly 



tendrils 3-lobed; fruiting peduncles 2-3 cm. long; staminate ovate or obovate, 1-1.5 cm. long, toothed, the calyx-segments 



spikes elongate, to 3 cm. long; bracts large, green, 3-4 cm. broadly linear to narrowly lanceolate; calyx-mbe of pistillate 



long, obovate, finely lobulate on margin; calyx-segments nar- flowers 2-2.5 cm. long; fruit ovoid-globose, about 10 cm. 



rowly ovate or broadly lanceolate, 12-15 mm. long, 5-7 mm. long, red, with longitudinal orange striations; seeds broadly 



wide, toothed; fruit broadly ellipsoidal, about 7 cm. long, elliptic, 10-11 mm. long, dark brown. Aug. Honshu 



red; seeds gray, oblong, 12-13 mm. long, truncate. Aug.- (Kinki Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Sept. Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, Formosa, China, India, 3. Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim, var. japonica (Miq.) 



and Malaysia. Kitam. Gymnopetalum japonicum Miq.; T. qttadricirra 



