Campanulaceae 849 



lA. Flowers actinomorphic; anthers free. 

 2A. Capsule dehiscent laterally, or, if indehiscent, Inferior to the calyx. 



3 A. Disc tubular or cup-shaped, surrounding the base of style 1. Adenophora 



3B. Disc flat or absent. 



4A. Corolla campanulate, rarely infundibuliform. 



5A. Capsules dehiscent, 3- to 5-valved 2. Campanula 



5B. Capsules scarcely dehiscent 3. Pcracarpa 



4B. Corolla divided nearly to the base into narrow segments 4. Phytcuma 



2B. Capsule dehiscent apically, or, if indehiscent, superior to the calyx. 



6A. Calyx inferior; fruit a berry 5. Campantimoea 



6B. Calyx superior; fruit a capsule. 

 7 A. Erect herbs; stigma-lobes narrow. 



8A. Plants 20-40 cm. high; flowers about 2.5 cm. across; carpels alternate with the calyx-lobes and stamens. . . 6. W ahlenbirrgia 



8B. Plants 40—100 cm. high; flowers 4—5 cm. across; carpels opposite the calyx -lobes and stamens 7. Platycodon 



7B. Vinelike herbs; stigma-lobes broad 8. Codonopsis 



IB. Flowers zygomorphic; anthers united into a tube or ring around the style; capsule dehiscent apically 9. Lobelia 



1. ADENOPHORA Fisch. Tsurigane-ninjin Zoku 



Perennial herbs; stems from a thick caudex; leaves alternate or verticillate, entire or toothed; flowers pendulous, in loose 

 terminal racemes or panicles; calyx-limb 5-parted; corolla campanulate, blue, 5-lobed; stamens free from the corolla, the 

 filaments broadened and pilose at base; disc thick, surrounding the base of the style; ovary inferior, 3-!ocu!ar; stigma lobes 3, 

 linear; capsules inferior, with a rather broad top, crowned with the persistent calyx-segments, dehiscent between the ribs; seeds 

 ovate, flat. More than 50 species, in Eurasia. 



1 A. Stems weak, declined or nodding above; pedicels capillar^', mostly longer than the flowers. 



2A. Disc tubular, about 2 mm. long, longer than wide 1. A. maximowicziana 



2B. Disc cup-shaped, wider than long. 



3A. Leaves narrowly ovate to broadly lanceolate; corolla 15-25 mm. long; style not exserted 2. A. takfdae 



3B. Leaves ovate-cordate in the lower ones, lanceolate in the upper ones; corolla about 10 mm. long; style long-exserted. 



3. A. hatsushimae 

 I B. Stems erect or ascending; pedicels stouter, mostly shorter than the flowers. 

 4A. Corolla campanulate; pedicels usually as long as or longer than the calyx. 

 5A. Disc cup-shaped, 1-2 mm. long, wider than long. 



6A. Leaves alternate 5. A. nikpensis 



6B. Leaves usually verticillate 6. A. pereskiaejolia var. heterotricha 



5B. Disc tubular, longer than wide. 



7A. Calyx-segments linear, usually toothed ^. A, triphylla 



73. Calyx-segments lanceolate, entire. 



8A. Leaves usually verticillate, subsessile; stems erect, 60-100 cm. long; inflorescence paniculate with long spreading branches. 



7. A. divaricata 

 8B. Leaves usually alternate, petiolelike at base; stems decumbent, 10-30 cm. long; inflorescence in racemes with short branches. 



8. A. tashiro't 

 4B. Corolla infundibular-campanulate; pedicels usually as long as to shorter than the ovary. 

 9A. Leaves sessile; lower half of Hlamcnts ovate-oblong or elliptic, abruptly narrowed at tip. 



lOA. Plant with white spreading hairs; calyx-segments and bracts lanceolate, acuminate '). A. stricta 



lOB. Plant nearly glabrous; calyx-segments and bracts ovate, obtuse \Q. A. palustris 



9B. Leaves pctiolate, usually more or less cordate at base; lower half of filaments lanceolate, gradually narrowed at tip. 



\\. A. remoliflora 



1. Adenophora maximowicziana Makino. A. verticil- 30-70 cm. long; leaves membranous, narrowly ovate, lanceo- 



lata var. marsupiiflora sensu auct. Japon., non Trauts'. late to linear, 7-15 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, incurved- to ap- 



HiNA-SHAjiN. Plant glabrous, the main roots rather short, pressed-toothed, sometimes with scattered appressed hairs 

 slender; stems slender, 40-60 cm. long, declined; radical above; inflorescence a terminal open leafy raceme, few- to more 

 leaves ovate or ovate-cordate, long-petiolate, the median leaves than 10-flowered, the pedicels 2-5 cm. long, the bracteolcs 

 membranous, linear-lanceolate, 8-20 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, small, filiform-linear; calyx-segments slightly curved, spread- 

 gradually acuminate, gradually narrowed to a short petiolelike ing, filiform-linear, 5-8 mm. long, loosely glandular-toothed; 

 base, with appressed teeth; upper leaves small, rarely lanceo- corolla campanulate, 15-25 mm. long; style not exserted; 



late; inflorescence terminal, corymbose or subpaniculate, disc cup-shaped, about I mm. long. Sept.-Oct. Rocks 



loosely few- to about 10-flowered, the bracteoles absent or along valleys and ravines in mountains; Honshu (Sagami, Su- 



minute, the pedicels (2-)3-6 cm. long; calyx-segments filiform- ruga, Kai, and s. Shinano Prov.). 



linear, 4-6 mm. long, entire; corolla campanulate, about 1 cm. Var. howozana (Takeda) Sugimoto. A. hotvozana Ta- 



long; st>'le 18-20 mm. long; disc tubular, about 2 mm. long, keda H66-shajin. Stems 5-15 cm. long; leaves slightly 



.\ug.-Oct. Calcareous mountains; Shikoku. thicker, obsoletely toothed; flowers smaller. High moun- 



2. Adenophora takedae Makino. Campanula rotundi- tains; Honshu (Kai and s. Shinano Prov.). 



jolia sensu auct. Japon., non L. Iwa-shajin. Plant gla- 3. Adenophora hatsushimae Kitam. Tsukushi-fwa- 



brous, with rather thick main roots; stems slender, declined, shajin. Glabrous slender plant, 20-40 cm. high; radical 



