852 



Campanulaceae 



3. PERACARPA Hook. f. & Thorns. Tanigikyo Zoku 



Delicate rather fleshy perennial herb with slender rhizomes; leaves alternate; flowers solitary, pedicellate, axillary or terminal, 

 erect; calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, obconical, the limb 5-parted, the segments deltoid; corolla campanulate, 5-cleft; stamens free 

 from the corolla, the filaments narrow, the anthers free, linear; ovary inferior, 3-locular, with many ovules in each locule; 



stigma lobes 3, narrow; fruit nodding, indehiscent, crowned with the calyx-segments, the pericarp membranous. A single 



species, in e. Asia and the Himalayas. 



1. Peracarpa camosa (Wall.) Hook. f. & Thorns, var. 

 circaeoides (F. Schmidt) Makino. Campanula circaeoides F. 

 Schmidt; P. circaeoides (F. Schmidt) Feer; P. camosa sensu 



auct. Japon., non Hook. f. & Thoms. Tanigikyo. Plant 



nearly glabrous; rhizomes slender, creeping, much branched; 

 stems erect, soft, 5-15 cm. long, glabrous, few-leaved at top; 

 leaves ovate-orbicular to broadly ovate, 8-25 mm. long, 6-20 

 mm. wide, obtuse, rounded at base, obtusely toothed, scattered 

 short-hairy, the petioles 5-15 mm. long; corolla white or pur- 

 plish, 4-8 mm. long, 5-parted, the segments broadly lanceolate; 



fruit ellipsoidal, 5-6 mm. long; seeds lustrous, fusiform, about 



1.5 mm. long. May-Aug. Damp woods in mountains; 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. s. Kuriles, Sakhalin, 



Kamchatka, and Korea (Quelpaert Isl.). 



Var. pumila Hara. Tsukushi-tanigiky5. Plant smaller; 

 leaves orbicular; seeds 2-2.5 mm. long. 



Var. kiusiana Hara. Edauchi-tanigikyo. Plant larger; 



leaves acute to subacute, short-toothed. At lower elevations; 



Kyushu. The typical phase occurs in northern India. 



4. PHYTEUMA L. Shide-shajin Zoku 



Perennial herbs; leaves alternate, the radical prominent, the cauline sometimes few and small; flowers usually sessile, in 

 terminal spikes or heads, sometimes short-pedicelled, the bracts small or involucrelike; calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the limb 

 5-parted; corolla 5-parted nearly to the base, the segments linear, spreading or revolute, sometimes connate also at the tip; 

 stamens free from the corolla, the filaments broadened at base, the anthers free; ovary inferior, 2- or 3-locular, many-ovuled, 



the stigma 2- or 3-lobed; capsules laterally dehiscent. About 40 species, in Europe, Asia, and N. America, abundant in the 



Mediterranean region. 



1. Phyteuma japonicum Miq. Campanula japonica 

 (Miq.) Vatke; Asyneuma japonicum (Miq.) Briq. Shide- 

 shajin. Rhizomes creeping; stems erect, 50-100 cm. long, 

 longitudinally striate, sparingly pilose; leaves membranous, 

 ovate to narrowly so or oblong, 5-12 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, 

 irregularly toothed, the lower petiolate, the median with a 

 short winged petiolelike base, the upper gradually smaller and 

 sessile; inflorescence spicate, terminal, often branched at base, 



glabrous, the bracts linear, the pedicels 1-3 mm. long; calyx- 

 segments linear, 4-6 mm. long, entire; corolla bluish-purple, 

 the segments spreading and slightly recurved, linear, 1-1.2 

 cm. long, about 1 mm. wide; filaments as long as the linear 

 anthers, ciliate on lower part; style 1-1.2 cm. long; stigma 3- 



lobed; capsules depressed-globose, 5-6 mm. across. Aug. 



Mountains; Honshu, Kyushu. Korea, Manchuria, Amur, 



and Ussuri. 



5. CAMPANUMOEA Bl. Tsurugikyo Zoku 



Usually scandent perennial herbs with stout rhizomes; leaves cauline, opposite, petiolate, usually cordate; flowers terminal, 

 axillary, or on short leafless branches, solitary; calyx-tube short, broad, adnate to the middle or to the upper portion of the 

 ovary, the limb 4- to 6-parted; corolla broadly campanulate, inserted on the upper portion of the calyx-tube, the limb 4- to 6- 

 lobed; stamens free from the corolla; ovary inferior, 4- to 6-locular, many-ovuled; stigma 4- to 6-lobed; berry subglobose, inde- 

 hiscent; seeds small. Few species, in India, Malaysia, and e. Asia. 



lA. Ascending; leaves narrowly ovate to broadly lanceolate, acuminate, rounded to very obtuse at base; calyx-segments linear, remotely 

 pinnately lobed, 1—2 mm. vifide; free portion of corolla 6—8 mm. long; seeds flattened, smooth 1. C. lancifolia 



IB. Scandent; leaves ovate-cordate to cordate, obtuse to subobtuse; calyx-segments broadly lanceolate, 3—4 mm. wide; free portion of 

 corolla about 12 mm. long; seeds scarcely flattened, minutely reticulate 2. C. maximowiczii 



1. Campanumoea lancifolia (Roxb.) Merr. Campan- 

 ula lancifolia Roxb.; Codonopsis truncata Wall, ex A. DC; 



Campanumoea axillaris Oliv.; C. truncata (Wall.) Diels 



Tangebu, Taiwan-tsurugikyo, Shimagikyo. Glaucous ascend- 

 ing herb with elongate 4-angled spreading branches; leaves op- 

 posite, narrowly ovate to broadly lanceolate, 7-15 cm. long, 2-6 

 cm. wide, acuminate, rounded to very obtuse at base, mucro- 

 nate-toothed, the petioles 7-10 mm. long, the upper leaves 

 smaller; flowers terminal and solitary in upper leaf axils, the 

 pedicels 7-20 mm. long, the bracts 2, subtending the flower; 

 calyx-tube wholly adnate to the ovary, flat, 3-4 mm. across at 

 anthesis, to 1 cm. long in fruit, the segments 5-6, linear, spread- 

 ing, 6-10 mm. long, remotely pinnately lobed; corolla-tube ad- 

 nate to the ovary in lower half, the free portion 6-8 mm. long. 



the lobes 5-6, narrowly deltoid, about 4 mm. long; anthers lin- 

 ear, about 2 mm. long; style short-pilose; berry subglobose, 

 nearly 1 cm. across, with the remains of the corolla-tube at the 



top; seeds flattened, smooth. Autumn. Kyushu (Tanega- 



shima, according to S. Hatusima). Ryukyus, Formosa, se. 



Asia, and Malaysia. 



2. Campanumoea maximowiczii Honda. C. japonica 

 Maxim., non Sieb. & Morr.; C. javanica var. japonica (Maxim.) 



Makino ^Tsurugikyo. Glaucous scandent perennial; 



stems slender, elongate, terete; leaves thinly membranous, 

 opposite and alternate, cordate or ovate-cordate, 3-5 cm. 

 long, 2.5-5 cm. wide, subobtuse, obsoletely undulate-toothed, 

 glaucous, long-petiolate; flowers solitary, pendulous, adjacent 

 to a leaf, the pedicels 1-2 cm. long; calyx adnate to the ovary 



