Campanulaceae 



853 



at base, the segments broadly lanceolate, 8-10 mm. long, 3-4 

 mm. wide, entire, subacute; corolla adnate at base to the ovary, 

 the free portion about 12 mm. long, purplish inside, the lobes 

 5, acute, narrowly ovate, recurved at tip; fruit depressed- 



globose, 1-1.2 cm. across, 5-locular; seeds scarcely flattened, 



minutely reticulate. Aug.-Sept. Mountains; Honshu 



(Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Formosa. 



6. WAHLENBERGIA Schrad. Hin.\giky6 Zoku 



Annuals or perennials; leaves alternate, rarely opposite; inflorescence a centrifugal panicle or sometimes 1-flowercd; flowers 

 usually bluish purple, nodding; calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the segments 5; corolla campanulate, infundibuliform, tubular or 

 rotate, 5-Iobed; stamens free from the corolla, the filaments often broader at base; ovary inferior or subsuperior, 2- to 5-locular, 

 many-ovuled; stigma-lobcs 2-5, narrow; capsules loculicidally dehiscent, the valves alternate with the calyx-segments; seeds 

 small. About 100 species, chiefly in the S. Hemisphere, few in tropical America and Eurasia. 



1. Wahlenbergia marginata (Thunb.) A. DC. Cum- 

 panula marginata Thunb.; Lobelia campantiloides Thunb.; 



W. gracilis sensu auct. Japon., non Schrad. Hinagikyo. 



Slender perennial herb; stems erect, slender, 20-40 cm. long, 

 striate, often branched and loosely spreading-pilose at base; 

 radical and lower cauline leaves broadly spathulate or oblance- 

 olate, 2-4 cm. long, 3-8 mm. wide, often undulate on the 

 margin; upper leaves small, few; flowers few, terminal and in 



upper axils, long-pedicelled; calyx-segments erect, persistent, 

 lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long; corolla blue, infundibular-campanu- 

 late, 5-8 mm. long, 5-cleft; capsules erect, obconical, 6-8 mm. 



long. May-Aug. Grassy sunny places in lowlands and low 



mountains; Honshu (s. Kanto Distr., Etchu Prov. and 



westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, Formosa, China, and 



Korea. 



7. PLATYCODON A. DC. Kikyo Zoku 



Erect perennial herbs with thickened roots; leaves alternate, sometimes opposite or verticillate, simple, toothed; flowers large, 

 mostly toward the top, the upper ones opening first; calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the lobes 5; corolla blue, sometimes lilac or 

 white, broadly campanulate, 5-lobed; stamens free from the corolla, the filaments broadened at base; ovary inferior, many- 

 ovuled; sdgma-lobes 5, linear; capsules obovate, erect, conical at top, loculicidally dehiscent, the valves opposite the calyx-lobes; 

 seeds oblong, flat. A single species in e. Asia. 



1. Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. Cam- 

 panula grandiflora Jacq.; C. glauca Thunb.; C. gentianoides 

 Lam.; P. grandiflorum var. glattcum (Thunb.) Sieb. & Zucc; 



P. chinense Lindl. & Paxt.; P. glaucum (Thunb.) Nakai 



KiKYO. Glabrous or short-pilose on leaves beneath; stems 40- 

 100 cm. long, sometimes branched at top; leaves narrowly to 

 broadly ovate, 4-7 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. wide, acute, broadly 

 cuneate to acute at base, glaucescent especially beneath, sessile 



or subsessile; flowers mostly terminal, pedicelled, slighdy nod- 

 ding; calyx-lobes 0.5-5 mm. long, deltoid-lanceolate; corolla 

 4-5 cm. across; capsules 5-lobed, the valves subcoriaceous, at- 

 tenuate; seeds about 2 mm. long. Aug.-Sept. Grassy slopes 



in hills and mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Korea, N. China, Manchuria, and Ussuri. Frequently 



planted as an ornamental and for medicine. 



8. CODONOPSIS Wall, ex Roxb. Tsuru-nin'jin Zoku 



Perennial scandent herbs with thick tuberous or fusiform roots; leaves opposite, alternate, or in false verticils of 4's, petio- 

 late; flowers nodding, terminal on short branches, radier large, usually greenish to purplish, sometimes white or blue; calyx- 

 tube adnate to the ovary, the lobes 5, rather broad; corolla campanulate or broadly tubular, slightly adnate to the ovary at base, 

 5-lobed; stamens free from the corolla; ovary inferior or subinferior, truncate to short-conical at the broad top, depressed, 3- to 



5-locular, many-ovuled, the stigma-lobes 3-5; capsules loculicidally dehiscent at the top; seeds oblong, sometimes winged. 



About 40 species, in India and e. Asia. 



lA. Tubers narrowed toward the end; calyx-segments 2-2.5 cm. long, 6-10 mm. wide; corolla 2.7-3.5 cm. long, purple-spotted inside; 



fruit 2-2.5 cm. across; seeds dull, winged on one -side 1. C. lanceolata 



IB. Tubers not narrowed toward the end; calyx-segments 1-1.5 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide; corolla 2-2.5 cm. long, dccp-purplc inside on 



upper half, spotted on lower half; fruit 1-1.3 cm. across; seeds lustrous, wingless 2. C ussttricnsis 



1. Codonopsis lanceolata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Trautv. 

 Campaniimoea lanceolata Sieb. & Zucc; Glossocomia hortensis 



Rupr.; Campanumoea japonica Sieb. & Morr. Tsuru-nin- 



jiN. Plant usually glabrous, often pilose while very young; 

 tubers obovoid-fusiform; main stems much elongate, branched, 

 with remote alternate scalelike leaves; lateral branches short, 

 with a whorl of leaves at the end; leaves thinly membranous, 

 narrowly oblong to ovate, 3-10 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. wide, 

 acute at both ends, glabrous or nearly so, glaucous especially 

 beneath, with obsolete undulate teeth or nearly entire; flowers 

 solitary, pedicelled, terminal on the short lateral branches. 



pendulous; calyx-segments narrowly ovate or narrowly ovate 

 oblong, subacute, green, 2-2.5 cm. long, 6-10 mm. wide; co 

 rolla pale green outside, purple-spotted inside, 2.7-3.5 cm 

 long; fruit 2-2.5 cm. across; seeds dull, winged on one side 



Aug.-Oct. Woods in low mountains and hills; Hokkaido, 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Forma emaculata (Honda) 



Hara. C. lanceolata var. emaculata Honda Midori-tsuru- 



NiNjiN. Corolla without spots inside. Korea, Man 



churia, China, and Ussuri. 



2. Codonopsis ussuriensis (Rupr. & Maxim.) Henisl 

 Glossocomia ussuriensis Rupr. & Maxim.; G. lanceolata var 



