Goodeniaceae; Compositae 855 



1. SCAEVOLA L. Kusa-tobera Zoku 



Shrubs or subshrubs; leaves alternate or rarely opposite, entire or toothed; flowers axillary, sometimes with a subtending pair 

 of bracts, sometimes on dichotomous peduncles, the pedicels sometimes absent; calyx adnate to the ovary, die limb short, an- 

 nular or 5-lobed; corolla oblique, the tube split to die base on back, the 5-lobes nearly equal or the 2 dorsal shorter; anthers free, 

 distinct; ovary inferior or nearly so, 2-locular, with a single ovule in each locule, or 1-locular with 1 or 2 ovules; indusium of 

 the stigma cup-shaped, the stigma truncate or bifid; fruit indehisccnt, the exocarp fleshy or thinly membranous, the endocarp 



hard or crustaccous; seeds solitary. About 100 species, mainly in Australia, few in the Pacific Islands, e. Asia, Africa, and 



tropical America. 



1. Scaevola sericea Vahl. S. jnttescens (Mill.) Krause.; 10-flowered, the bracts narrowly lanceolate, opposite, with a 



Lobelia jrutescens Mill, pro parte; S. /^oenigii Vahl; S. \ocnigii tuft of long hairs at base, the pedicels 1-1.5 cm. long; corolla 



var. glabra Matsum.; S. jrutescens var. glabra (Matsum.) about 2-2.5 cm. long, white, soon becoming sordid yellow, 



Masam. Kusa-tobera. Shrub, glabrous or nearly so, densely long-pubescent on the tube inside; indusium of the 



with tufts of long hairs in the leaf-axils; branches thick, be- stigma white-ciliate; drupe ellipsoidal, pale green, 7-8 mm. 



coming slighdy woody, densely leafy toward the top; leaves long. June-Oct. Near seashores; Kyushu (Yakushima and 



alternate, fleshy, narrowly obovate, 10-18 cm. long, 4-8 cm. Tanegashima). Ryukyus, Formosa, Pacific Islands, Aus- 



wide, rounded, obsoletely toothed on upper margin, sessile or tralia, and Madagascar, 

 subsessile; inflorescence an axillary pedunculate cyme, about 



Fam. 194. COMPOSITAE Kiku Ka Composite Family 

 (Contributed by Siro Kitamura.) 



Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees; leaves alternate or opposite; stipules absent; heads subtended by involucral bracts, terminal, 

 solitary or variously arranged, composed of 1 to many flowers; receptacle glabrous, setose, or paleaceous; flowers inserted on the 

 receptacle, bisexual or unisexual (plants sometimes dioecious or monoecious); corollas tubular, actinomorphic, 4- or 5-lobed or 

 ligulate and zygomorphic, 2- to 5-toothed; stamens 5, rarely 4, the filaments on the corolla-tube and alternate with the lobes, the 

 anthers basifixed, connate and forming a tube around the style, usually appendaged at die apex, often caudate or sagittate at 

 base; ovary inferior, 1-locular; style slender, usually bifid; ovule solitary, erect, anatropous; achenes 1-seeded, often crowned 



with a setose, chaffy, or plumose pappus (modified calyx-limb) ; endosperm absent. About 1,000 genera, with about 20,000 



species, cosmopolitan. 



lA. Disc-corollas tubular; ligulate florets marginal or absent, pistillate or neutral; sap not milky, (tubuliflorae). 

 2A. Styles below the branches, slender, sometimes filiform, often flattened, entire or bifid, rarely capitate or rounded, mammillate to 

 papillose, not hispid, not nodosely thickened (rarely penicillate in Cacalia, Syneilesis, and Achillea). 

 3A. Anthers sagittate, often caudate. 



4 A. Style-branches linear, subacute, puberulent; heads all discoid, the florets bisexual 1. Vernonia 



4B. Style-branches obtuse. 



5A. Corolla of tubular florets shallowly 4- or 5-toothed. 



6A. Involucral bracts translucent or white, scarious, petallike. 



7A. Bisexual florets fertile 2. Gnaphalium 



7B. Bisexual florets sterile. 



8A. Pappus-bristles of bisexual florets thickened and flat at apex; plants dioecious 3. Antennaria 



8B. Pappus-bristles of bisexual florets not flattened; plants not dioecious. 



9A. Pappus-bristles connate into a ring at base 4. Leonlopodium 



9B. Pappus-bristles free at base 5. Anaphalis 



6B. Involucral bracts green, herbaceous, coriaceous, or membranous, not scarious. 



lOA. Bisexual florets fewer than the pistillate florets 6. Blumea 



lOB. Bisexual florets usually more than the pistillate florets. 



1 1 A. Heads with ligulate florets 7. Inula 



1 IB. Heads all discoid, without ligulate florets 8. Carpesium 



5B. Corolla bilabiate or deeply 5-lobed. 



12 A. Ligulate florets present in vernal heads; corollas disunctly bilabiate 9. Leibnitzia 



12B. Ligulate florets none, heads all tubular; corollas of tubular florets deeply 5-cleft. 



13 A. Pappus-bristles scabrous 10. Pertya 



13B. Pappus-bristles plumose. 



14A. Heads few-flowered 11. Ainsliaea 



14B. Heads I-flowcred 12. Diaspananlhiis 



3B. Anthers not or very shortly caudate at base. 

 15A. Heads unisexual. 



16A. Involucral bracts of staminate heads connate; pistillate heads with a single achcne 13. Ambrosia 



16B. Involucral bracts of staminate heads not connate; pistillate heads with 2 achenes 14. Xanthium 



15B. Heads bisexual and fertile. 



