COMPOSITAE 857 



49A. Outer scales of receptacle longer than the inner; achenes without hooked awns 47. SynedreUa 



49B. Outer scales of receptacle shorter than the inner; achenes with retrorsely hooked awns. 



50.\. Ligulate florets sterile; st>'le-branches with acute-deltoid hairy appendages; leaves opposite (at least in 



the lower) 48. Bidens 



SOB. Ligulate florets, if present, pistillate and fertile; style-branches with obtuse hairy appendages; leaves alter- 

 nate 49. Glossogyne 



23. Styles below the branches nodosely thickened, often hispid. 

 51A. Heads many-flowered, not densely aggregated. 



52A. Achenes villous, heads with finely dissected subtending bristlelike bracteal leaves 50. Atraclylodes 



52B. Achenes glabrous. 



53A. Achenes basally attached. 



54A. Filaments papillose-hairy; style-branches connate. 



55A. Pappus-bristles scabrous; stems winged (in ours) 51. Carduus 



55B. Pappus-bristles plumose. 



56A. Plants polygamous; rhizomes not creeping 52. Cirsium 



56B. Plants dioecious; rhizomes long-creeping 53. Breea 



54B. Filaments glabrous; style-branches free, reflexed afterward. 



57A. Achenes 15-ribbcd; involucral bracts with a keeled appendage on back 54. Hctnistepta 



57B. Achenes obsoletely 4-angled or striate; involucral bracts without a keeled appendage on back 55. Satissurea 



53B. Achenes obliquely attached. 



58A. Anthers caudate, the tails free 56. Serratula 



58B. Anther-tails connate into a tube around the filaments 57. Synunis 



5 IB. Heads 1 -flowered, densely aggregated in globose compound heads 58. Echinops 



IB. Corollas all ligulate; sap milky, (liguli florae). 



59A. Pappus absent 59. Lapsana 



59B. Pappus bristlclike or plumose. 

 60A. Pappus-brisdes plumose. 



6IA. Receptacle scaly (paleaceous) 60. Hypochoeris 



61 B. Receptacle not scaly. 



62A. Pappus-bristles with intricate soft hairs 61. Scorzonera 



62B. Pappus-bristles with distinct hairs not intricate 62. Picris 



60B. Pappus bristlelike. 



63A. Achenes beaked, warty-tuberculate near base of beak; leaves radical 63. Taraxacum 



63B. Achenes not beaked, or, if beaked, then not tuberculate. 

 64A. Achenes truncate. 



65A. Achenes cylindric, not flattened; corolla-tube slightly shorter to as long as the limb 64. Hieracium 



65B. Achenes slightly flattened. 



66A. Pappus-brisdes few, 1-seriate; corolla-tube much shorter than the limb; heads erect in anthesis 65. Hololeion 



66B. Pappus-brisdes 2- or 3-seriate, firm; corolla-tube as long as to slightly shorter than the limb; heads nodding in an- 

 thesis 66. Prenanthcs 



64B. Achenes narrowed or beaked at tip. 



67.\. Subshrubs with the main axis bearing only radical leaves; scapes always lateral; achenes slightly flattened, shordy nar- 

 rowed at tip 67. Crepidiastriim 



67B. Herbs with the main axis bearing only the inflorescence. 



68A. Achenes terete, scarcely flattened, ribbed; corolla-tube l^-Yz as long as the limb 68. Crepis 



68B. Achenes more or less distinctly flattened. 



69A. Achenes long-beaked, with 10 equal wings or ribs 69. Ixeris 



69B. Achenes unequally ribbed. 



70A. Achenes distinctly flattened, with a prominent beak; corolla-tube as long as to half as long as the limb. 



70. Lactiica 

 70B. Achenes slightly flattened, narrowed at tip, not beaked. 



71 A. Pappus deciduous as a whole 71. Sonchus 



71B. Pappus persistent or the bristles separately deciduous 72. Youngia 



1. VERNONIA Schreb. Yambaru-higotai Zoku 



Subshrubs or herbs, erect, rarely scandent; leaves alternate, hairy or glabrous; heads in corymbs, sometimes paniculate; 

 involucres campanulate or subglobose, the bracts many-seriate, the outer series becoming smaller, sometimes spreading, acute, 

 acuminate, awn-tipped, or obtuse; receptacles alveolate, denticulate or rarely with crisped hairs; florets all tubular, fertile; 

 corollas purplish, 5-lobed; anthers obtuse or sagittate at base, the auricles connate; style-branches linear, subacute, puberulent; 

 achenes angled or striate, callose at base, glabrous or hairy; pappus-bristles 1- or 2-seriate, the outer row short, die inner 

 scaberulous, deciduous or persistent. About 650 species, in warmer regions of America, Asia, and Africa. 



1. Veronia cinerea Less. Yambaru-higotai, Mura- base, mucronate- or undulate-toothed, puberulent above, soft 



SAKi-MUK.\SHi-YOMOGi. Perennial; stems 40-100 cm. long, grayish pubescent beneath especially on nerves, the p)edoles 



gray-pubescent, branched above; cauline leaves rhombic-ovate 10-25 mm. long, the upper leaves gradually smaller, narrower, 



or ovate, 3.5-6.5 cm. long, 1.5-3 on. wide, acute, cuneate at broadly lanceolate to linear; inflorescence corymbose-panicu- 



