858 COMPOSITAE 



late; heads many, rose-purple, short-pedunculate; florets about tipped; achenes terete, about 2 mm. long, densely short-hispid, 



20; involucres campanulate, 4-5 mm. long, pubescent, glandu- glandular-dotted; pappus-bristles whitish, 4-5 mm. long, 2- 



lar-dotted; bracts 4-seriate, the outer linear, 1.5-2 mm. long, seriate. Oct.-Nov. Kyushu.- Ryukyus, Formosa, and 



acuminate, the median linear, the inner linear-lanceolate, awn- tropical regions of Asia. 



2. GNAPHALIUM L. Hahakogusa Zoku 



Densely woolly herbs sometimes woody at base; leaves alternate, linear or lanceolate, entire, usually sessile, sometimes de- 

 current; heads small, many, usually densely arranged, unisexual; pistillate florets marginal, the corollas filiform, denticulate or 

 shallowly 3- or 4-lobed; bisexual fertile florets central, the corollas tubular, 5-toothed; involucres subglobose or campanulate- 

 globose, the bracts more or less scarious; receptacle flat, alveolate; anthers sagittate, caudate; style of bisexual florets with terete 

 or slightly flattened branches; achenes oblong, small, not ribbed, papillose; pappus-bristles slender, usually scabrous, 1-seriate. 

 ^Widely distributed, especially in temperate regions of both hemispheres and in mountains of the Tropics. 



lA. Involucres pale yellow. 



2A. Leaves white-woolly on upper surface; style shorter than the corollas; biennial 1. G. affine 



2B, Leaves green on upper surface; style longer than the corollas; annual 2. G. hypoleucum 



IB. Involucres dark brownish. 



3A. Perennial, often stoloniferous; involucres campanulate, about 5 mm. long; cauline leaves 2—2.5 cm. long 3. G. japonicum 



SB. Annual; involucres subglobose, about 2 mm. long; cauline leaves 4-5 cm. long 4. G. uliginosum 



1. Gnaphalium afBne D. Don. G. multiceps Wall, ex 3. Cnaphalium japonicum Thunb. Chichikogusa. 

 DC; G. luteo-dbum var. multiceps (Wall.) Hook, f.; G. con- Perennial; flowering stems tufted, 8-25 cm. long, simple, 



fusum DC. Hahakogusa. White-woolly biennial; stems white- woolly, often stoloniferous; radical leaves rosulate, lin- 



15-40 cm. long; radical leaves small; cauline leaves spathulate ear-oblanceolate, 2.5-10 cm. long, 4-7 mm. wide, green and 

 or oblanceolate, 2-6 cm. long, 4-12 mm. wide, rounded, some- thinly woolly above, densely white-woolly beneath, the cauline 

 times mucronate, entire, white-woolly on upper surface, de- few, linear, 2-2.5 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, the uppermost sub- 

 current; heads in dense corymbs; involucres globose-campanu- tending the inflorescence, lanceolate; involucres campanulate, 

 late, about 3 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide; bracts pale yellow, about 5 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide; bracts 3-seriate, obtuse, red- 

 3-seriate, ovate to oblong, obtuse; style shorter than the corolla; brown, the outer broadly elliptic, the inner narrowly oblong; 

 achenes 0.5 mm. long; pappus-brisdes pale yellowish, about 2.2 achenes about 1 mm. long; pappus white, about 3 mm. long. 



mm. long. Apr.-June. Waste grounds and cultivated May-Oct. Sunny places in lowlands and mountains; 



fields in lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Korea, China, Ryu- 



common. ^Korea, China, Ryukyus, Formosa to Indochina, kyus, and Formosa. 



Malaysia, and India. 4. Gnaphalium uliginosum L. Hime-chichikogusa, 



2. Gnaphalium hypoleucum DC. G. conjertum Benth. Ezo-no-hahakogusa. Annual; stems often tufted, 15-35 



Aki-no-hahakogusa. Annual; stems white-woolly, 30- cm. long, usually more or less branched, white-woolly, leafy 



60 cm. long, branched above; cauline leaves rather numerous, to the top; radical leaves small, the lower cauline oblanceolate- 



linear, 4-5 cm. long, 2.5-7 mm. wide, acute, auriculate, semi- linear, 4-5 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, white woolly-tomentose 



clasping, green and short crisped-pilose on upper surface, on both surfaces; involucres subglobose, about 2 mm. long, 5 



densely white-woolly beneath; heads in corymbs; involucres mm. wide; bracts 3-seriate, dark brownish, the outer short, 



globose-campanulate, about 4 mm. long, 6-7 mm. wide; bracts broadly ovate, obtuse, the inner oblong to lanceolate, acute; 



5-seriate, scarious, yellowish, die outer short, white-pubescent achenes about 0.1 mm. long, punctulate; pappus whitish, about 



on back; style longer than the corolla; achenes punctulate; 1.5 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. Wet cultivated fields; Hok- 



pappus sordid-white. Sept.-Oct. Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- kaido, Honshu (n. distr.). n. China, Korea, Kamchatka, 



shu. Korea, China, Formosa, Philippines to India. Siberia to Europe, and N. America. 



3. ANTENNARIA Gaertn. Ezo-no-chichikogusa Zoku 



White-woolly dioecious perennials; radical leaves rosulate, the cauline alternate; heads in corymbs, unisexual; pistillate in- 

 volucres campanulate, the bracts many-seriate, whitish and petallike above, the outer woolly on back; receptacle glabrous; pis- 

 tillate florets filiform; staminate corollas tubular, 5-toothed, obmse; style of staminate florets capitate; anthers sagittate, the 



tails connate, acuminate; achenes oblong; pappus bristles many, connate at the base, falling together in a ring. ^About 55 



species, in the N. Hemisphere, abundant in N. America. 



1. Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaerm. Gnaphalium dio- median leaves linear, erect, small, acute, 1-1.5 cm. long, about 



icum L. Ezo-No-CHicHiKOGUSA. Rhizomes slender, creep- 3 mm. wide; heads few, densely arranged; involucres 7 mm. 



ing; leaves of the sterile innovation shoots rosulate, spathulate, long in the staminate, 10-14 mm. long in the pistillate; bracts 



15-25 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide; stems 6-25 cm. long, simple, linear to broadly so, whitish on upper half, rounded; pappus 



white-woolly; radical leaves rosulate, spathulate, 18-25 mm. white, about 4 mm. long. June-Aug. Hokkaido (Kitami 



long, 5-8 mm. wide, rounded, mucronate, green or slightly Prov.). Kuriles, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, MongoUa, Siberia 



white-woolly above, densely white-woolly beneath, the to Europe. 



