862 



COMPOSITAE 



lA. Heads sessile 1. C. abrotanoides 



IB. Heads pedunclate. 



2A. Radical leaves rosulate, lingulate, persistent at flowering time, the cauline oblong-lanceolate to oblanceolate. 



3A. Heads subglobose, 8-15 mm. across; involucral bracts 5-seriate 2. C. glossophyllum 



3B. Heads depressed-globose, about 5 mm. across; involucral bracts 3-seriate 3. C. rosulatum 



2B. Leaves not rosulate at flowering time, the cauline ovate or ovate-oblong. 



4A. Heads 25-35 mm. across 4. C. macrocephalum 



4B. Heads 5-18 mm. across. 



5A. Leaves short-cuneate at base, abruptly narrowed on a long wingless petiole. 



6A. Heads 4-5 mm. across; leaves ovate-lanceolate to oblong, 2.5-3.5 cm. wide 6. C. hosokawae 



6B. Heads 6-11 mm. across; leaves usually wider. 



7A. Heads subglobose; involucral bracts equal in length 8. C. matsuei 



7B. Heads depressed-globose; involucral bracts of unequal length. 



8 A. Lower cauline leaves oblong, acute at base; heads 5-6 mm. across 5. C. kpidzumii 



8B. Lower cauline leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, rounded to slightly cordate at base; heads 6-8 mm. across. 



7. C. divaricatum 

 5B. Leaves long-decurrent on a winged petiole. 



9A. Leaves abruptly narrowed at base 9. C. cernuum 



9B. Leaves gradually long-petiolate 10. C. triste 



1. Carpesium abrotanoides L. C. thunbergianum Sieb. 

 & Zucc; C. abrotanoides var. thunbergianum (Sieb. & Zucc.) 



Makino ^Yabu-tabako. Roots fusiform, woody; stems 



50-100 cm. long, stout, terete, leafy, pubescent toward the top, 

 dichotomously forked; lower cauline leaves broadly elliptic to 

 oblong, 20-28 cm. long, 8.5-15 cm. wide, obtuse to acute, 

 narrowed at base to a broadly winged petiole, irregularly 

 mucronate-toothed, glandular-dotted beneath, short-pubescent 

 on both sides; upper leaves oblong, sessile, gradually smaller, 

 acute; heads many, sessile, axillary, usually bracdess, deflexed 

 in an thesis; involucres campanulate-globose; bracts in 3 series, 

 the outer shortest, ovate, acuminate, short-pubescent, the me- 

 dian and inner oblong, rounded at apex; achenes about 3.5 



mm. long, with a beak about 0.7 mm. long. Sept.-Nov. 



Woods; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. ^Korea and 



China. 



2. Carpesium glossophyllum Maxim. C. hieracioides 



Lev. Saji-gankubi-so. Rhizomes short, creeping; stems 



25-50 cm. long, subscapose, densely spreading-pubescent, 

 slighdy branched in upper part; radical leaves rosulate, ob- 

 lanceolate-lingulate, densely pubescent on both sides; cauline 

 leaves few, scattered, smaller, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, some- 

 times acute; upper leaves linear-lanceolate, few, very small; 

 heads subglobose, terminal, nodding, long-pedunculate, with 

 many usually linear subtending bracteal leaves; involucres 

 cupuliform, 6-8 mm. long, 8-15 mm. wide; bracts 5-seriate, 

 the outer shortest, reflexed, pubescent on back, the median 

 and inner oblong, obmse, ciliolate; achenes 3.5-4 mm. long. 



^Aug.-Oct. Woods; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryu- 



kyus and Korea (Quelpaert Isl.). 



3. Carpesium rosulatum Miq. Hime-gankubi-s6. 

 Rhizomes short; stems erect, slender, subscapose, 15-45 cm. 

 long, densely pubescent, branched; radical leaves rosulate, 

 spathulate-lanceolate, 6-15 cm. long, 1.2-3 cm. wide, obmse to 

 rounded, narrowed at base, sessile, sparsely mucronate-toothed, 

 densely pubescent; cauline leaves smaller, narrowly oblance- 

 olate, sessile, obtuse; heads depressed-globose, 1-30, terminal, 

 on slender peduncles, nodding; involucres mbular-campanu- 

 late, about 6.5 mm. long, 5 mm. across, bractless or with few 

 small obovate subtending bracteal leaves; bracts 3-seriate, the 

 outer ovate, shortest, reflexed, the median narrowly oblong, 

 obtuse, ciliolate, the inner linear; achenes about 3.5 mm. long. 



Aug.-Oct. Woods; Honshu (Kanto Distr. and westw.), 



Shikoku, Kyushu. ^Korea (Quelpaert Isl.). 



4. Carpesium macrocephalum Fr. & Sav. C. eximium 



C. Winkl. 0-GANKUBi-s6. Stems crisped-pubescent, with 



thickened branches below the heads; lower leaves large, 

 broadly ovate, 30^0 cm. long, 10-13 cm. wide, acute, winged- 

 petiolate, with irregular, coarse, double teeth, short-pubescent 

 on both sides especially on nerves; median cauline leaves 

 gradually smaller, obovate-oblong, acute, abruptly narrowed 

 on lower half; upper leaves small, narrow, acuminate; heads 

 25-35 mm. across; involucres cupuliform, 8-10 mm. long, 23- 

 30 mm. across; outer bracts similar to the bracteal leaves, the 

 median oblong-linear, acute, densely pubescent, the inner 



linear-spathulate, 5.5-6 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. Honshu 



(centr. distr. and northw.). ^Korea and Manchuria. 



5. Carpesium koidzumii Makino. C. triste var. abrotan- 

 oides Matsum. & Koidz.; C. divaricatum var. abrotanoides 



(Matsum. & Koidz.) Kitam., in syn. Hosoba-gankubi-s6. 



Rhizomes thickened; stems erect, 70-100 cm. long, often red- 

 dish, pubescent, branched in upper half; radical and lower 

 leaves ovate-oblong, about 18 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, acumi- 

 nate, rounded at base, long winged-periolate; median leaves 

 narrowly oblong, 12-15 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, acute at base, 

 short-petiolate, loosely mucronate-toothed, sparsely pubescent 

 on both sides; upper leaves lanceolate, gradually smaller; leaves 

 on branches lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, acuminate at both ends; 

 heads in racemes, short-pedunculate, nodding; involucres obo- 

 void, about 4.5 mm. long, 5-6 mm. across; bracts 4-seriate, 

 the outermost often caudate, the median and inner oblong, 

 obtuse, ciliolate; achenes about 3 mm. long, glandular-tubercu- 

 late. Aug.-Oct. Woods; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



6. Carpesium hosokawae Kitam. Banjin-gankubi-so. 

 Rhizomes short; stems 50-70 cm. long, densely pubescent, 

 often purplish, branched in upper half; lower cauline leaves 

 ovate-oblong, long-petiolate, 10-14 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. wide, 

 obtuse to acuminate, cuneate at base, on long wingless petioles; 

 median leaves lanceolate, acuminate, cuneate at base; upper 

 leaves linear-lanceolate, gradually smaller; heads 4-5 mm. 

 across, solitary on the branches, nodding at anthesis, sub- 

 tended by many involucral bracts longer than the heads; in- 

 volucres campanulate-globose, about 4 mm. long, 4-5 mm. 

 across; bracts 4-seriate, the outermost shortest, ovate, mucro- 



