COMPOSITAE 



863 



nate, pubescent, the median narrowly oblong, rounded at apex, 

 denticulate, the inner narrow; achenes about 2.5 mm. long. 



Aug.-Oct. Woods; Honshu (Kinki Distr. and westw.), 



Kyushu. Formosa. 



7. Carpesium divaricatum Sieb. & Zucc. C. divarica- 



tum var. pygmaea Miq.; C. erythrolepis Lev. G.\nkubi-s6. 



Rhizomes short-creeping; stems erect, 25-150 cm. long, densely 

 pubescent; lower leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, 7-23 cm. long, 

 obtuse to acute, rounded or sometimes shallovvly cordate or 

 truncate, rarely short-cuneate at base, irregularly mucronate- 

 toothed, glandular-dotted beneath, the petioles shorter or as 

 long as the blades, short-winged; median leaves oblong, 

 acuminate, cuneate at base; upper leaves smaller, sessile; heads 

 6-8 mm. across, terminal and solitary on the branches or sub- 

 racemose, nodding in anthesis, the subtending bracteal leaves 

 2-4, lanceolate, reflexed, 2-5 times as long as the head; in- 

 volucres ovoid-globose, 5-6 mm. long; bracts 4-seriate, the 

 outer broadly ovate, mucronate, the median oblong, rounded, 



the inner linear; achenes about 3.5 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, Manchuria, China, Ryu- 



kyus, and Formosa. 



8. Carpesium matsuei Tatew. & Kitam. C. kpidzumii 



var. matsuei (Tatew. & Kitam.) Hara Nopporo-g.^nkubi- 



so. Rhizomes thick; stems 40-100 cm. long, pubescent, 

 branched at the top; lower and median leaves membranous, 

 ovate or broadly so, the blades 7.5-14 cm. long, 5-11 cm. wide, 

 acute or short-acuminate, shallovvly cordate-rounded to cune- 

 ate at base, entire or loosely mucronate-toothed, loosely pubes- 

 cent on both sides, the petioles 2.5-11 cm. long; upper leaves 

 gradually smaller, lanceolate to broadly so, cuneate at base; 

 heads terminal on the branches, nodding in anthesis, peduncu- 

 late, the subtending bracteal leaves 3-5, lanceolate, longer than 

 the head; involucres subglobose, about 5 mm. long, 11 mm. 



across; bracts 3-seriate, equal in length, the outer ovate-oblong, 

 acute, the inner obtuse; achenes about 3.5 mm. long, slightly 



viscid. Aug.-Oct. Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. and n. 



distr.). 



9. Carpesium cemuum L. C. glossophylloides Nakai; 



C. taqtietii Lev. Ko-y.'VBU-tabako. Stems 50-100 cm. 



long, thickened, densely white-pubescent and crisped-puberu- 

 lent at base, much branched; lower cauline leaves spathulate- 

 oblong, 8-25 cm. long, 4-6 cm. wide, acute or obtuse, abruptly 

 narrowed at base, winged-pedolate, doubly mucronate-toothed 

 or undulate mucronate-toothed, rather densely white-pubes- 

 cent on bodi sides; median leaves slightly smaller, oblong, 

 obtuse, or sometimes acuminate; heads nodding in anthesis, 

 the subtending bracteal leaves many, linear-lanceolate, 2-5 

 cm. long; involucres cupuliform, 7-8 mm. long; bracts scari- 

 ous, the outer leafhke, broad, white-pubescent, the inner nar- 

 rowly oblong, obtuse; achenes linear, 4.5-5 mm. long. July- 

 Sept. Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Temperate 



regions, Europe to China, Ryukyus, Formosa, and Korea. 



10. Carpesium triste Maxim. Miyama-yabu-tabako, 

 Gankubi-yabu-tabako. Stems 40-100 cm. long, densely 

 spreading-pubescent especially at base, branched in upper part; 

 lower cauline leaves ovate-oblong, 13-20 cm. long, 3-5 cm. 

 wide, rounded at base, irregularly mucronate-toothed, densely 

 pubescent on both sides, long winged-petiolate; median leaves 

 narrower, long-acuminate; upper leaves gradually smaller, 

 lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acuminate at both ends; heads 

 pedunculate, the subtending bracteal leaves many, linear- 

 lanceolate, as long as or longer than the heads, reflexed; in- 

 volucres campanulate; bracts mostly all alike, the outer oblong- 

 lanceolate, acute, green, ciliate, the inner lanceolate, scarious; 

 achenes about 3.5 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. Hokkaido, Hon- 

 shu, Shikoku, Kyushu. China (.?). 



9, LEIBNITZIA Cass. Sembon-yari Zoku 



Perennials; stems scapiform, scaly-leaved; radical leaves many, pinnately lobed; heads dimorphic, the vernal ones ligulate, 

 the autumnal cleistogamous and tubular; involucres tubular; bracts imbricate, few-seriate, linear; receptacle flat, alveolate; 

 ligulate florets ferule or sterile; ligulate corollas bilabiate, the outer lip elongate, 3-toothed; tubular corollas slightly bilabiate; 

 autumnal florets fertile; anthers sagittate, the tails connate, acuminate; achenes fusiform, more or less flattened, hairy; pappus- 

 brisdes many, smooth or scaberulous, persistent. Five species, in Asia. 



1. Leibnitzia anandria (L.) Nakai. Ttissilago anandria 

 L.; Perdicium tomentosum Thunb.; Tussilago lyrata Willd.; 



Gerbera anandria (L.) Schultz-Bip. Sembon-yari, Mura- 



SAKi-TAMPopo. Rhizomes short; stems 10-20 cm. long, sim- 

 ple, cobwebby-lanate while young, loosely scaly; radical leaves 

 broadly oblanceolate, 5-16 cm. long, 13-45 mm. wide, pin- 

 nately cleft or lobed, sometimes ovate-cordate or deltoid-ovate 

 by reduction of the lateral lobes, cobwebby-lanate especially 

 beneath; heads about 15 mm. across; involucres 8-10 mm. 



long; bracts broadly linear, obtu.se; ligulate corollas 10-12 mm. 

 long, white, red-purple outside; achenes 4.5-6 mm. long; 



pappus-brisdes about as long as the achene, scaberulous. 



Vernal phase, Apr.-June. Autumnal phase with taller stems 



to 60 cm. high; involucres about 15 mm. long; achenes about 

 6 mm. long, more or less hairy; pappus brown, 11 mm. long, 



the bristles nearly smooth. Oct.-Nov. Grassy hills and 



low mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Sakhalin, s. Kuriles, Manchuria, Siberia, China, and Formosa. 



10. PERTYA Schultz-Bip. Koya-boki Zoku 



Herbs or subshrubs; leaves alternate, toothed, sometimes divided, sessile or pedolate; heads solitary or sometimes racemose or 

 paniculate; florets all tubular, bisexual, fertile; involucres campanulate; bracts many-seriate, imbricate, firmly membranous or 

 rather coriaceous, rounded to acute; receptacle flat, rarely villous; corollas tubular, deeply 5-lobed; anthers sagittate, the tails 

 connate, often laciniate; style shortly 2-fid, with obtuse reflexed lobes; achenes obovoid-oblong, narrowed at base, many-ribbed, 

 glabrous or hairy; pappus-brisdes many, unequal, scabrous. About 16 species, in e. Asia and India. 



