868 



COMPOSITAE 



long; heads about 4 mm. long, pedunculate; involucral bracts 

 2-seriate, equal, connate at base, narrowly oblong, rounded at 

 apex, reflexed; styles long-exserted; achenes about 4 mm. long, 

 tubercled or glandular-dotted. Sept.-Nov. Wet places in 



lowlands and mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; com- 

 mon. Korea, Ryukyus, Formosa, China, and the temperate 



to tropical parts of Asia and Australia. 



17. SOLIDAGO L. Aki-no-kirin-s6 Zoku 



Perennial herbs; leaves alternate, toothed; heads small, in spikes or panicles, heterogamous; involucres campanulate; bracts 

 scarious, imbricate, 3- or 4-seriate; receptacle flat; ligulate florets 1-seriate; pistillate florets fertile, the corollas ligulate, yellow; 

 tubular florets fertile, yellow, 5-toothed; anthers obtuse, entire at base; style-branches flat, with a lanceolate appendage at apex; 

 achenes cylindric, 8- to 12-ribbed, truncate at apex, gradually narrowed at base, glabrous or pilose; pappus-brisdes many, nearly 

 equal, scabrous. About 130 species, in the N. Hemisphere, especially in N. America. 



lA. Stems densely leaved; leaves linear-lanceolate; achenes densely hirsute 1. 5. yo\usaiana 



IB. Stems loosely leaved; leaves ovate to lanceolate; achenes glabrous to scattered-pilose 2. 5. virga-aurea 



1. Solidago yokusaiana Makino. S. virga-aurea var. 

 Unearijolia Franch. ex Makino; 5. virga-aurea var. angustifolia 

 Makino, non Gaudich. Okinagusa, Aoyagi-s6. Rhi- 

 zomes rather thick; stems tufted, 16-60 cm. long, densely 

 leaved and densely short-pubescent at top; radical leaves lance- 

 olate, long-petiolate; median cauline leaves many, linear-lance- 

 olate, 4-7 cm. long, 2-5 mm. wide, acute, entire or loosely in- 

 curved-toothed, narrowed to a petiolelike base; upper leaves 

 smaller and linear; heads subracemose, subtended by linear 

 bracteate leaves; involucral bracts 3-seriate, 1-nerved, narrowly 

 oblong, obtuse, the outer 1.5 mm. long, the inner 5-6 mm. 

 long; ligulate corollas about 7 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; 



achenes densely hirsute. Aug.-Oct. Rocks along rivers in 



low mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus. 



2. Solidago virga-aurea L. var. leiocarpa (Benth.) Miq. 

 5. decurrens Lour.; Amphirhapis leiocarpa Benth.; S. cantoni- 

 ensis Lour.; S. virga-aurea sensu auct. Japon., non L.; S. virga- 

 aurea subsp. leiocarpa (Benth.) Hult. Koganegiku, Mi- 



YAMA-AKi-No-KiRiN-so. Stems 15-70 cm. long, often branched 

 at top, puberulent; cauline leaves many, on winged petioles, 

 narrowly oblong to ovate, 4-10 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. wide, 

 acute, rounded to cuneate at base, acutely toothed, often 

 puberulent on both surfaces, the petioles winged; upper leaves 

 gradually narrower, acuminate; heads 12-15 mm. across, in 

 panicles, bractiess or with few small bracteal leaves; involucral 

 bracts 3-seriate, 1-nerved, the outer ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 mm. 

 long, the inner lanceolate, 6-6.5 mm. long, acute to acumi- 

 nate; ligulate corollas about 8.5 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide, 



yellow, 1-seriate; achenes glabrous to scattered-pilose. Aug.- 



Sept. Open grassy slopes or woods in mountains; Hokkaido, 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very common. Sakhalin, Ku- 



riles, Korea, Manchuria, China, and Philippines. Forma 



paludosa (Honda) Kitam. S. virga-aurea var. pdudosa 



Honda; S. japonica var. paludosa (Honda) Honda Kiri- 



GAMiNE-AKi-No-KiRiN-so. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acumi- 

 nate. Wet boggy places; Honshu (centr. distr.). 



Var. minutissima Makino. S. virga-aurea var. ya\ushi- 

 mensis Nakai; S. minutissima (Makino) Kitam.; S. ya\ushi- 



mensis (Nakai) Masam. Issun-kinka. Stems less than 



10 cm. long; lower leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 15-35 



mm. long; achenes glabrous. High mountains; Kyushu 



(Yakushima). 



Var. praeflorens Nakai. S. decurrens var. praeflorens (Na- 

 kai) Kitam.; S. hachijoensis Nakai Hachijo-aki-no-kirin- 



s6. Stems low, branched; leaves ovate, acutely toothed; 

 achenes pilose at apex. Honshu (Izu IsL). Bonins. 



Var. gigantea Nakai. S. mirabilis Kitam.; S. decurrens 



var. gigantea (Nakai) Ohwi 0-aki-no-kirin-s6, Oku-koga- 



NE-GiKU. Stems 60-80 cm. long, stout; cauline leaves broadly 

 ovate, ovate-oblong to suborbicular, 10-15 cm. long, 7-10 cm. 

 wide, truncate-cordate at base; heads dense; achenes pilose on 



upper half. Lowlands near seashore; Hokkaido (sw. 



distr.), Honshu (n. distr.). 



Var. asiatica Nakai. 5. japonica Kitam.; S. japonica var. 



ovata Honda; S. virga-aurea sensu auct. Japon., non L. 



Aki-no-kirin-so. Resembles var. leiocarpa; involucres nar- 

 rowly campanulate, the bracts obtuse. Aug.-Oct. Low- 

 lands and low mountains, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Korea. ^The typical phase occurs in Eurasia and N. Amer- 



18. GYMNASTER Kitam. Miyama-yomena Zoku 



Erect perennials; leaves alternate, glabrous or with short coarse hairs; heads ligulate, subglobose to campanulate; involucral 

 bracts 2- or 3-seriate, nearly equal, imbricate; receptacle conical, alveolate; ligulate florets pistillate, 1- or 2-seriate, blue or white, 

 fertile; tubular florets many, bisexual, fertile, yellow, the corollas 5-toothed; achenes flat, oblong, glabrous, ribbed; pappus ab- 

 sent. ^Few species, in e. Asia. 



1. Gymnaster savatieri (Makino) Kitam. Boltonia 

 savatieri Makino; Aster savatieri Makino; Asteromoea savatieri 

 Makino, in syn. Miyama-yomena. Rhizomes short- 



creeping; stems 20-50 cm. long, branched at top, green; radi- 

 cal leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, 4-6 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. 

 wide, coarsely incised-toothed, deep green above, short-pubes- 

 cent on both sides, winged-petiolate; cauline leaves scattered; 



heads long-pedunculate, in loose corymbs, 3.5-4 cm. across; 

 involucral bracts lanceolate, 2-seriate; ligulate corollas blue or 

 white, 17-20 mm. long, 3-3.5 mm. wide; achenes 3-4 mm. 



long. ^May-July. Woods in mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, 



Kyushu. 



Var. pygmaeus (Makino) Kitam. Aster savatieri var. 

 pygmaeus Makino; Asteromoea pygmaea (Makino) Kitam.; 



