872 COMPOSITAE 



Loosely hirsute annual, 0.5-1.5 m. high; lower leaves oblanceo- grounds, cultivated fields, and roadsides; very common. 



late, dentate or entire, 7-10 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, the up- Introduced from N. America. 



per linear; heads many, small, in large terminal panicles; in- Var. levis Makino. Kenashi-hime-mukashi-yomogi. 



volucres loosely pilose, 2.5-4 mm. long; florets rather few; Plant glabrescent. 



ligulate florets white, very small. Aug.-Oct. Waste 



22. ASTER L. Shion Zoku 



Perennials, rarely annuals; stems somedmes scapelike, sometimes leafy and branched; leaves alternate, entire to lobed; heads 

 mosdy on leafy branchlets, in loose corymbs or rarely solitary, ligulate; involucres tubular, campanulate, or subglobose, the 

 receptacle slightly convex or flat, alveolate; involucral bracts imbricate; ligulate florets pistillate, fertile, 1- or 2- seriate, bluish 

 or white; tubular florets many, bisexual, usually fertile, the corollas tubular, yellow, 5-toothed; anthers entire; style branches flat, 

 deltoid or lanceolate; achenes more or less flat, ribbed on margin, with 0-4 ribbs on the face, the pappus-bristles elongate, few or 



many, in 1 or 2 series, scabrous. ^Many species in the N. Hemisphere, especially abundant in N. America, few in S. Africa and 



S. America. 



lA. Perennials; pappus-bristles not elongate after anthesis. 

 2A. Involucral bracts of two lengths, the outer ones short; pappus-bristles many. 

 3A. Achenes not flattened. 



4A. Leaves ovate; achenes glabrous or finely hirsute. 



5A. Heads 3-4 cm. across; petioles broadly winged; style-branches lanceolate at apex I. A. \omonoensis 



5B. Heads about 2 cm. across. 



6A. Leaves cuneate at base, gradually decurrent on the petiole 2. A. sel{imotoi 



6B. Leaves cordate at base, petioles narrowly winged 3. A. scaber 



4B. Leaves lanceolate; achenes coarsely hirsute. 



7A. Leaves rugulose above, usually obtuse; peduncles long, leafless; pappus-bristles many ^. A. rugulosus 



7B. Leaves smooth and lustrous above, acuminate; peduncles short, bracteate; pappus-bristles rather few 5. A. sohaya\iensis 



3B. Achenes flat. 



8A. Involucral bracts acuminate; pits on receptacle lacerate on margin. 



9A. Leaves oblong, short-petiolate; heads many; achenes glandular-dotted 6. A. glehnii 



9B. Leaves cordate, long-petiolate; heads few; achenes hirsute 7, A. dimorphophyllus 



8B. Involucral bracts obtuse, rarely acute. 



lOA. Heads small, many, some of the tubular florets sterile 8. A. jastigiatus 



lOB. Heads relatively large, the tubular florets fertile. 



IIA. Pits on receptacle entire; heads large, 3-4 cm. across; involucral bracts reddish. 



12A. Stems 48-85 cm. long; median leaves 6-10 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide; involucral bracts rounded at apex; achenes about 



2 mm. long; heads few 9. A. maac\ii 



12B. Stems 1-2 m. long; median leaves usually 20-35 cm. long, 6—10 cm. wide; involucral bracts acuminate; achenes about 



3 mm. long; heads many \Q. A. tataricus 



IIB. Pits on receptacle lacerate on margin; heads smaller, 1.5-3 cm. across; involucral bracts not reddish. 



13A. Involucral bracts in 4 series; heads solitary or to 3 on each branch \\. A. tenuipes 



13B. Involucral bracts in 2 or 3 series; heads usually more than 3 on each branch 12. A. ageratoides 



2B. Involucral bracts nearly equal; pappus-bristles few. 



14A. Involucral bracts acuminate, scarious on margin; plant of waste grounds IS. A. kflntoensis 



14B. Involucral bracts acute to subobtuse, without scarious margins; plants of seashores. 



15A. Leaves densely puberulent, the median ones broadly spathulate; achenes oblong; involucral bracts acuminate. 



14. A. spathulifolius 

 I5B. Leaves scattered puberulent, the median ones ovate-spathulate; achenes obovate; involucral bracts obtuse to rounded. 



\$. A. pseudoasagrayi 



IB. Annual or biennial, or short-lived perennial; involucral bracts few; achenes flat, the inner ones often not fertile; pappus-bristles 



elongate after anthesis 16. ^. tripoUum 



1. Aster komonoensis Makino. Komonogiku, Tama- 2. Aster sekimotoi Makino. Nagaba-Shirayama-giku. 



GiKU. Rhizomes short-creeping; scapes 15-50 cm. long. Stems erect, about 1.5 m. long, branched in upper part; lower 



glabrous at base, loosely short-hairy and loosely branched in cauline leaves firmly chartaceous, ovate-oblong, 14-17 cm. long, 



upper part; sterile branches short; rosette leaves ovate, 2.5-7 about 5 cm. wide, gradually acuminate, cuneate at base, gradu- 



cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, long-petiolate, the lower cauline ally decurrent on the long petiole, loosely mucronate-toothed, 



leaves usually withering before anthesis, the median ones short-pilose above and on nerves beneath, the upper leaves 



sparsely arranged, oblong, 3.5-7 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. wide, gradually smaller, lanceolate, acuminate at both ends; heads 



acute, narrowed to a winged petiole or gradually narrowed to in loose corymbs, about 2 cm. across, on short-pilose peduncles; 



the clasping base, coarsely toothed on upper half, the upper involucres depressed-globose; bracts 3-seriate, 3-nerved, gla- 



leaves small; heads in loose corymbs, 3-4 cm. across; invo- brous, rounded at apex, the outer short; ligulate corollas about 



lucres 6-10 mm. long, globose; bracts 3-seriate, glabrous, the 12.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide. Oct. Honshu (Oosawa in 



outer elliptic or orbicular, shorter than the inner; ligulate Shimotsuke Prov.). This is a hybrid, allegedly of A. rugulosus 



corollas 11-17 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. wide; achenes about 3 X A. scaber. 



mm. long, hirsute. July-Sept. Rocks in mountains; Hon- 3. Aster scaber Thunb. Doellingera scabra (Thunb.) 



shu (s. Kinki Distr.), Shikoku. Nees; Biotia discolor Maxim.; B. corymbosa var. discolor 



