COMPOSITAE 



873 



(Maxim.) Regel Shirayama-giku. Rhizomes short and 



thick; stems 1-1.5 m. long, stout, glabrous, branched in upper 

 part, the branches puberulent; radical leaves usually withering 

 before anthesis, cordate, long-petiolate, the lower cauline 

 leaves chartaceous, cordate, long-petiolate, 9-24 cm. long, 6- 

 18 cm. wide; short-acuminate, cordate, singly or doubly 

 toothed, deep green above, rather prominently scabrous on 

 both sides, the median ones narrowly winged-petiolate, gradu- 

 ally becoming smaller, ovate-deltoid, acute, cordate to truncate 

 at base; heads in loose corymbs, 18-24 mm. across, peduncu- 

 late; Lnvolucral bracts 3-seriate, oblong, 1.5-5 mm. long, 

 rounded at apex, scarious on margin; ligulate corollas 11-15 



mm. long, white, about 3 mm. wide. Aug.-Oct. Woods 



and thickets in hills and low mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, 

 Kyushu; rather common. Korea, Manchuria, and China. 



4. Aster rugulosus Maxim. Sawa-shirogiku. Rhi- 

 zomes long-creeping; stems erect, 50-60 cm. long, simple, gla- 

 brous, slenderly branched in upper part; radical leaves wither- 

 ing before anthesis, the lower cauline leaves rather thick, 

 long-petiolate, linear-lanceolate, 7-17 cm. long, about 15 mm. 

 wide, gradually narrowed to the tip, mucronate, gradually nar- 

 rowed at base, loosely toothed or subentire, rugulose above and 

 scabrous near the slighdy recurved margin, glabrous beneath, 

 the median leaves lanceolate, 7-10 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide, 

 sessile or short-petiolate, the upper leaves few and small; 

 heads few, terminal, about 27 mm. across; involucral bracts 

 3-seriate, the outer short, broadly ovate, rounded at apex, the 

 inner oblong, about 4.5 mm. long, rounded at apex, reddish; 

 ligulate corollas white, 1-1.3 cm. long, 2-2.5 mm. wide, turn- 

 ing reddish following anthesis; achenes setulose. Aug.-Oct. 



Wet places; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



5. Aster sohayakiensis Koidz. A. ohtanus Makino 



HosoBA-NOGiKu, KisHU-GiKu. Rhizomes creeping; stems 30- 

 60 cm. long, glabrous, branched in upper part; radical and 

 lower cauline leaves withering before anthesis or sometimes 

 present at anthesis, lanceolate, 9-13.5 cm. long, about 1.5 cm. 

 wide, acuminate, gradually narrowed at base, long-petiolate, 

 pubescent toward the margin and sometimes also on die nerves 

 beneath, otherwise glabrous, scattered mucronate-toothed, 

 lustrous and with impressed veins above, with raised veins 

 beneath, the upper leaves small, linear, sessile; heads on slen- 

 der peduncles, about 18 mm. across; involucres campanulate, 

 the outer bracts 1-2 mm. long, oblong, the inner 4—4.5 mm. 

 long, rounded to subacute; ligulate corollas 8.5-11 mm. long, 



2-2.5 mm. wide. July-Nov. Along streams, especially on 



rocks in mountains; Honshu (s. Kinki Distr.). 



6. Aster glehnii F. Schmidt. A. )^^orsa}{oviensis Lev. & 



Van't. Ezo-coMA-NA. Rhizomes creeping, thick; stems 



1-1.5 m. long, powdery-puberulent, branched in upper part; 

 lower leaves withering before anthesis, the median ones char- 

 taceous, many, densely arranged, oblong, remotely short- 

 toothed, usually glandular-dotted beneath, densely puberulent 

 on both sides, short-petiolate, the uppermost ones much-re- 

 duced, linear; heads in dense corymbs, many, about 15 mm. 

 across; involucres tubular, 4-5 mm. long; bracts 2 or 3 seriate, 

 green, equal, linear, the outer acute, densely puberulent, die 

 inner acuminate; ligulate corollas white, about 1 cm. long, 

 1.5-2 mm. wide; achenes hairy, glandular-dotted. Aug.- 

 Oct. Grassy places; Hokkaido. Sakhalin and s. Kuriles. 



Var. hondoensis Kitam. A. glehnii sensu auct. Japon., non 

 F. Schmidt Goma-na. Leaves loosely puberulent; in- 

 volucres smaller, 3-3.5 mm. long. Grassy slopes and woods 



in mountains; Honshu. 



7. Aster dimorphophyllus Fr. & Sav. A. dimorphophyl- 

 lus var. indivisus Makino; A. dimorphophyllus var. divisus 



Makino Tateyama-ciku. Rhizomes slender, creeping; 



stems 30-55 cm. long, slender, glabrous, slightly branched in 

 upper part; radical leaves withering before anthesis, the lower 

 ones thin, long-petiolate, deltoid-ovate, 3-5.5 cm. long, 2.5-5 

 cm. wide, acute, cordate, undulate, incised or palmately lobed, 

 sometimes 3-sected and again 2- or 3-lobed, sometimes puberu- 

 lent on both sides; cauline leaves loosely arranged, the median 

 ones slightly larger than the lower, deltoid-ovate, acuminate, 

 truncate to shallowly cordate at base, petiolate, the upper leaves 

 smaller, becoming linear in the uppermost ones; heads loosely 

 corymbose, few, on long peduncles, 2.3-3 cm. across; involucres 

 tubular, the bracts unequal, acute; ligulate corollas few, 9-15 



mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide; achenes hirsute. July-Oct. 



Woods in mountains; Honshu (Izu, Sagami, and Suruga 

 Prov.). 



8. Aster fastigiatus Fisch. Turczaninowia jastigiata 

 (Fisch.) DC.; A. micranthiis Lev. & Van't.; A. micranthus var. 



achilleiformis Lev.; Calitneris japonica Schultz-Bip. Hime- 



sHioN. Rhizomes short, indistinct; stems 30-100 cm. long, 

 erect, densely puberulent and branched in the upper part; 

 lower leaves rather thick-chartaceous, linear-lanceolate or lance- 

 olate, 5-12 cm. long, 4-15 mm. wide, gradually narrowed at 

 both ends, subpetiolate at base, scattered mucronate-toothed, of- 

 ten slighdy recurved on margin, short setose-pilose near upper 

 margin, whitish and glandular-dotted, with minute appressed 

 hairs beneath; cauline leaves rather numerous, gradually 

 smaller in those above, linear to linear-lanceolate, the upper- 

 most ones 2-3 mm. long, acute, sessile; heads many, in dense 

 corymbs, slender-pedunculate, small, 7-9 mm. across, some of 

 the tubular florets sterile; involucres tubular, about 4 mm. 

 long, the bracts 4-seriate, oblanceolate, obtuse, densely puberu- 

 lent; ligulate corollas white, 5-6.5 mm. long, about 1 mm. 

 wide; achenes about 1.2 mm. long, puberulent, glandular- 

 dotted. Aug.-Oct. Waste grounds especially along rivers 



in lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, Man- 

 churia, Dahuria, and China. 



9. Aster maackii Regel. A. \oidzumanus Makino; A. 



horridijolius Lev. & Van't. Higo-shion. Rhizomes 



creeping; stems erect, 45-85 cm. long, many-leaved, branched 

 in upper part, minutely rough-puberulent; radical and lower 

 cauline leaves rather thick-chartaceous, withering before an- 

 thesis, die median ones lanceolate, 6-10 cm. long, 1-2 cm. 

 wide, acute to acuminate, gradually narrowed and sessile at 

 base, sometimes subtrinerved, scattered mucronate-toothed, 

 with short rough hairs on both surfaces, the upper leaves 

 gradually smaller, narrowly oblong, 1.5-2 cm. long, obtuse, en- 

 tire; heads about 4 cm. across, showy, in loose corymbs, few, 

 the peduncles long, very densely short-sctulose, with 2 or 3 

 bracts, 5-10 mm. long at base; involucres 8-9 mm. long, sub- 

 globose, rounded at apex, the bracts in 3 series, scarious, 

 purplish at tip, the outer narrowly oblong, rounded at apex; 

 ligulate corollas 19-20 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. wide; achenes 



about 2 mm. long, densely coarse-hirsute. Aug.-Oct. Wet 



places in mountains; Kyushu. Korea and Manchuria. 



10. Aster tataricus L. f. A. trinervius var. longijolia 

 Fr. & Sav.; A. nal(aii Lev. & Van't.; A. tatarictis var. minor 



Makino; A. tataricus var. na\aii (Lev. & Van't.) Kitam. 



Shion. Rhizomes short; stems 1-2 m. long, erect, slightly 

 branched in upper part, loosely setulose; radical leaves wither- 

 ing before anthesis, spathulate-oblong, obtuse, gradually nar- 

 rowed to a long winged petiole, loosely setulose on both sides, 



