878 



COMPOSITAE 



Apr.-May. Moist woods and thickets along streams and 

 ravines in hills and mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; 



frequently cultivated as a vegetable. Korea, China, and 



Ryukyus. 

 Var. giganteus (F. Schmidt) Nichols. P. giganteus F. 



Schmidt ex Trautv., non Fuss; P. amplus Kitam.; P. japonicus 



subsp. giganteus (F. Schmidt) Kitam. Akitabuki. Plant 



larger; leaves to 1.5 m. across, the petioles to 2 m. long. 



Hokkaido, Honshu (n. distr.). Sakhalin to s. and centr. 



Kuriles. 



29, EKECHTITES Raf. Takedagusa Zoku 



Coarse erect annuals; leaves alternate, simple, often hairy; heads many-flowered, tubular, in paniculate corymbs; involucres 

 cylindric, with subtending bracdets at base; involucral bracts 1-seriate, linear, acute; receptacle naked; florets all fertile, the 

 marginal pistillate with a slender corolla; achenes oblong, narrowed toward the apex; pappus copious, with very fine, soft white 

 hairlike bristles. America and Australia. 



lA. Stems coarsely pubescent; leaves irregularly short-toothed 



IB. Stems nearly glabrous; leaves irregularly double-toothed 



1. Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. Senecio hieraci- 



folius L. Dando-eorogiku. Annual, 50-100 cm. high; 



stems soft, striate, coarsely pubescent; leaves lanceolate to 

 oblong, acute, irregularly short-toothed; heads rather many, 

 yellowish to brownish green, about 15 mm. long; involucral 

 bracts linear; florets greenish, with a very slender tubular 

 corolla 1-1.7 cm. long; pappus white, about 14 mm. long. 



. . . 1. E. hieracifolia 

 2. E. valerianaejolia 



Nov.-Dec. Naturalized on deforested mountain slopes. 



Introduced from N. America. 



2. Erechtites valerianaefolia DC. Takedagusa. Al- 

 lied to the preceding but differing in the nearly glabrous stems, 

 irregularly doubly toothed leaves, purplish heads, and pale 

 rose-purple tips of the pappus-bristles. ^Naturalized; intro- 

 duced from S. America. 



30. ARNICA L. Usagigiku Zoku 



Perennial herbs with simple or branched stems; leaves opposite, toothed, the upper ones sometimes alternate; heads relatively 

 large, usually ligulate, sometimes eligulate; involucres tubular or subglobose, without bracteate leaves or caliculus at base, the 

 bracts herbaceous, 2-seriate, nearly equal, acute; receptacle hairy; ligulate florets yellow; tubular florets bisexual, the corolla 5- 

 toothed; anthers obtuse at base; achenes cylindric, truncate, narrowed at base, hairy, striate; pappus-brisdes 1-seriate, rather firm, 

 short-pilose. More than 100 species, mainly in N. America, few in the cooler regions of the Old World. 



lA. Heads eligulate \. A. mallotoptts 



1 B. Heads ligulate. 



2A. Heads solitary; stems and leaves prominently pubescent; cauline leaves 3- to 5-paired 2. A. nnalascensis 



2B. Heads to 5 in the inflorescence; stems and leaves nearly glabrous; cauline leaves 10- to 20-paired i. A. sachalinensis 



1. Arnica mallotopus (Fr. & Sav.) Makino. Mallotopus 



japonicus Fr. & Sav. Chojigiku, Kcmagiku. Rhizomes 



creeping; stems tufted, 20-85 cm. long, nearly glabrous, densely 

 crisped-pubescent in upper part, loosely branched; radical 

 leaves scalelike, the lower cauline ones withering before 

 anthesis, the median leaves thick, oblong-lanceolate, 7-12.5 

 cm. long, 12-28 mm. wide, acuminate, sessile and short-sheath- 

 ing at base, irregulary mucronate-toothed, more or less scab- 

 rous on both sides or nearly glabrous, the upper leaves slightiy 

 smaller, lanceolate, 7-23 mm. long, the uppermost alternate, 

 small; heads 5-20, in corymbs, 12-20 mm. across, nodding, on 

 long slender densely white-villous peduncles; involucres tubu- 

 lar, about 1 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. across, the bracts nearly gla- 

 brous, lanceolate, without ligulate florets; achenes 4-5.5 mm. 



long; pappus brown, 6-7 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. Wet slopes 



in high mountains; Honshu, Shikoku. 



2. Arnica unalascensis Less. Ezo-usagigiku. Rhi- 

 zomes long-creeping; stems 12-35 cm. long, simple, leafy at 

 base, naked on upper half, with a single flower at apex, promi- 

 nently crisped-pubescent; radical leaves small, spathulate, often 

 withering before anthesis, the lower cauline leaves chartaceous, 

 large, usually opposite, spathulate, 6-12 cm. long, 2-3 cm. 

 wide, obtuse, narrowed at base to a sheathless petiole, loosely 

 toothed, puberulent, the median leaves somewhat smaller, 

 ovate-lanceolate, obmse, sessile; heads solitary, long-peduncu- 

 late, erect, 4-5.5 cm. across; involucres subglobose, 9-15 mm. 

 long, the bracts 20-28, 2-seriate, lanceolate; ligulate corollas 

 15-24 mm. long, 5-7 mm. wide; tubular corollas glabrous; 



achenes 4-4.5 mm. long; pappus brownish, 5.5-7 mm. long. 



July-Aug. Alpine slopes; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. and 



n. distr.). Kuriles, Kamchatka, and Aleutians. 



Var. tschonoskyi (Iljin) Kitam. & Hara. A. tschonos\yi 

 Iljin; A. unalascensis sensu auct. Japon., non Less. Usagi- 

 giku, KiNGURUMA. Corollas slightly pilose. Often grow- 

 ing with the typical phase. 



3. Arnica sachalinensis (Regel) A. Gray. A. chamis- 

 sonis sensu F. Schmidt non Less.; A. chamissonis var. sachali- 

 nensis Regel O-usAGiGiKU, Karafuto-kinguruma. Rhi- 

 zomes long-creeping; stems 36-56 cm. long, stout, glabrous, 

 short-branched in upper part; leaves opposite, united at base 

 into a short sheath, the radical and lower cauline leaves wither- 

 ing before anthesis, the median leaves thick-chartaceous, lance- 

 olate, 9-13 cm. long, 13-28 mm. wide, acuminate, narrowed 

 at base to a short sheath about 5 mm. long, mucronate-toodied ; 

 setose-ciliolate, glabrous on both sides, the upper leaves rather 

 small, ovate-lanceolate; heads of the inflorescence about 5, soli- 

 tary on the branches, to 6.5 cm. across, nodding in anthesis, 

 erect in fruit, long-pedunculate, densely brownish crisped- 

 hairy; involucres subglobose, 17-20 mm. long, 3-4 cm. across, 

 the bracts about 12, 2-seriate, oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, short- 

 ciliate; ligulate florets 1-seriate, the corolla about 3 cm. long, 

 about 6 mm. wide, densely pilose on the tube; achenes about 7 

 mm. long; pappus about 1 cm. long, reddish brown. June- 

 Sept. Reported to occur in Hokkaido (Ishikari Prov.). 



Sakhalin and Ochotsk Sea region. 



