COMPOSITAE 



1. Ligularia fauriei (Franch.) Koidz. Scnecio jauriei 



Franch.; Scnecillis jauriei (Franch.) Kitam. Michi-no-ku- 



YAMA-TABAKo. Rhizomcs short; stems erect, 60-100 cm. 

 long, glabrous; radical leaves chartaceous, ovate-oblong or 

 oblong, 10-25 cm. long, 7-13.5 cm. wide, rounded, truncate 

 at base or cuneately narrowed to long winged petioles, loosely 

 mucronate-tootlicd, glaucous on both sides; cauline leaves 3-4, 

 the lower ones larger, erect, about 20 cm. long, 7 cm. wide, 

 sessile or w-ith a winged petiole, the petiole sheathing, the 

 median and upper leaves narrowly oblong, sessile, the upper- 

 most bracteate, lanceolate or broadly so; racemes to 20 cm. or 

 more long, centripetal, the pedicels about 7 mm. long, with a 

 minute bract near the middle; heads many, nodding in anthe- 

 sis; involucres tubular, about 6 mm. long, about 3 mm. across, 

 glabrous, the bracts free, 5; ligulate florets 2 or 3, the corollas 

 about 16 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide; pappus about 3 mm. 



long, rusty brown. June. Honshu (Shiniotsuke, Iwaki and 



northw.). 



2. Ligularia angusta (Nakai) Kitam. Cyathocephalum 

 angtistum Nakai; L. schmidtii sensu auct. Japon., non Maxim. 



Yama-tabako. Rhizomes short; stems slender, 1-1.3 



m. long, glabrous, glaucous, usually simple; radical leaves 

 chartaceous, erect, ovate-oblong, 17-30 cm. long, 13-19 cm. 

 wide, rounded, truncate at base and cuneately narrowed to a 

 partially winged petiole, undulate-toothed, glaucous on both 

 sides; cauline leaves 3, the lower ones oblong, erect, 15-23 

 cm. long, about 10 cm. wide, clasping and somewhat sheadiing 

 at base, the median and uppermost ones smaller; racemes 

 simple or rarely branched, about 30 cm. long, centripetal; 

 heads nodding in anthesis, the pedicels 5-10 mm. long, with a 

 small bract at the middle; involucres 6-8 mm. long, 3-3.5 

 mm. across, tubular, glaucous, connate on lower half, blackish 

 at tip; ligulate florets 3(-5), the corollas about 17 mm. long, 

 about 3 mm. wide; achenes 4.5-6 mm. long, the pappus about 

 2 mm. long, rusty brown. May-June. Mountains; Hon- 

 shu (Kanto and centr. distr.). 



3. Ligularia stenocephala (Maxim.) Matsum. & Koidz. 

 Senecio stenocephalus Maxim.; S. cacaliaejolius var. stenoce- 

 plialus (Maxim.) Franch.; S. stenocephalus var. comosus Fr. 

 & Sav. Me-takar.\-k6. Fig. 17. Rhizomes stout; stems slen- 

 der, to 1 m. long, glabrous; radical leaves thinly chartaceous, 

 cordate- or reniform-hastate, to 24 cm. long, 20 cm. wide, ab- 

 ruptly acuminate, deeply cordate, acute-toothed, short-pilose on 

 nerves beneath, long-petiolate; cauline leaves 3, the lower ones 

 larger, the pedole sheathing at base; racemes densely many- 

 headed, densely pubescent, the bracteate leaves broadly lanceo- 

 late, small; heads centripetal, many, the pedicels 1-3.5 cm. 

 long; involucres narrowly tubular, 10-12 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. 

 across, the bracts 5; ligulate florets absent or 1-3, the corollas 



2-2.5 cm. long, 3—4 mm. wide. June-Sept. Wet places in 



mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. China and For- 

 mosa. 



4. Ligularia sibirica Cass. var. speciosa DC. Cineraria 

 fischeri Ledeb.; C. speciosa Schrad. & Link; Hoppea speciosa 

 Reichenb.; L. speciosa (Schrad.) Fisch. & Mey.; L. fischeri 

 (Ledeb.) Turcz.; L. sibirica sensu auct. Japon., non Cass.; L. 



euodon Miq.; L. fischeri var. euodon (Miq.) Kitam. 



0-tak.\ra-k6. Rhizomes stout; stems 1-2 m. long, loosely 

 cobwebby-hairy at base, short-pubescent in upper part; radical 

 leaves chartaceous, large, reniform-cordate, to 32 cm. long, 

 40 cm. wide, regularly toothed, long-petiolate; cauline leaves 

 3, the lower ones adjacent to the radical, short-pctiolate. 



sheathing at base, the upper ones short-pctiolate, small; in- 

 florescence to 75 cm. long, racemose, rarely branched; heads 

 many, centripetal, 4-5 cm. across, the pedicels 1-9 cm. long, 

 with 1 bract; involucres tubular-campanulate, 10-12 mm. long, 

 8-10 mm. across, the bracts 8-9, oblong; ligulate florets 5-9, 

 the corollas about 25 mm. long, 3—4 mm. wide; pappus 6-10 



mm. long, brownish or purplish. July-Oct. Wet places in 



mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, Sakhalin, 



Manchuria, e. Siberia, and China. 

 Var. kaialpina (Kitam.) Kitam. L. sibirica subsp. \aial- 



pina Kitam., in syn. Kai-takara-ko. Stems 30-50 cm., 



rarely to 70 cm. long; leaves smaller; heads 4-11, in a corymb, 

 the pedicels slender, 1-7 cm. long; involucres tubular, about 

 11 mm. long, about 5 mm. wide, the bracts 7-8; ligulate 

 florets usually 5, the corollas 25-28 mm. long; pappus 6.5 mm. 



long, brownish, much shorter than the florets. Wet places 



in high mountains; Honshu (centr. distr.). 



5. Ligularia hodgsonii Hook. f. L. yezoensis Franch.; 



L. calthaejolia sensu Matsum., non Maxim. Togebuki, Ezo- 



takara-ko, Oni-o-takara-k6. Rhizomes stout; stems 30-80 

 cm. long, cobwebby-hairy only on the inflorescence; radical 

 leaves chartaceous, long-petiolate, reniform, 4.5-13 cm. long, 

 7.5-27 cm. wide, rounded to short-mucronate at apex, regularly 

 mucronate-toothed, glabrous, long-petiolate; cauline leaves usu- 

 ally 2, the lower one long-petioled and long-sheathing at the di- 

 lated base, the upper one smaller, the uppermost bracts oblong; 

 inflorescence a corymb; heads 5-9, 4-5 cm. across, the pedicels 

 1-8 cm. long, cobwebby-hairy and crisped-puberulent; involu- 

 cres campanulate, 11-12 mm. long, 8-10 mm. across, with 2 

 small bracteal leaves at base, the bracts 8 or 9, oblong, acute; 

 ligulate florets 7-12, the corollas about 27 mm. long, 5-8 mm. 

 wide; achenes 6-7 mm. long, the pappus about 1 cm. long, red- 

 dish, as long as the corolla. July-Aug. Mountains; Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu (n. distr.). s. Kuriles and Sakhalin. 



6. Ligularia japonica (Thunb.) Less. Arnica japonica 

 Thunb.; Senecio japonicus (Thunb.) Schultz-Bip.; Erythro- 



chaete palmatifida Sieb. & Zucc. Hankai-s6. Rhizomes 



stout; stems about 1 m. long, glaucescent, glabrous, purple- 

 spotted; radical leaves chartaceous, long-petiolate, cordate- 

 orbicular, to 30 cm. long and as wide, strongly revolute while 

 young, the segments palmateiy cleft to parted, the lobes pin- 

 nately lobed or incised, densely pubescent beneath while 

 young; cauline leaves 3, with broadly sheathing petioles, the 

 upper leaves smaller; inflorescence a corymb, the pedicels 2.5- 

 20 cm. long, rather stout, crisped-pubescent; heads 2-8, about 

 10 cm. across; involucres campanulate-tubular, 18-24 mm. 

 long and as wide, the bracts 9-12, elliptic, acuminate; ligulate 

 florets about 10, the corollas 5-6.5 cm. long, 8-10 mm. wide; 

 achenes about 9 mm. long, the pappus 6-7.5 mm. long, rusty 

 brown. June-Aug. Mountains; Honshu (w. distr.), Shi- 

 koku, Kyushu. Korea, China, and Formosa. 



7. Ligularia dentata (A. Gray) Hara. Erythrochaete 

 dentata A. Gray; L. clivorum Maxim.; Senecio clivorum 

 (Maxim.) Maxim.; L. japonica var. clivorum (Maxim.) Ma- 

 kino^-^MARUBA-DAKE-BUKi, Maruba-no-ch6ry6-s6. Rhi- 

 zomes short; stems 40-100 cm. long, glabrous; radical leaves 

 large, thinly chartaceous, long-pedolate, reniform-orbicular, 

 about 30 cm. long, 38 cm. wide, deeply cordate, revolute in 

 bud, rather regularly mucronate-toothed, loosely short-pubes- 

 cent on nerves above; cauline leaves 2, the petioles dilated and 

 clasping at base; heads few to many, in corymbs, 7-10 cm. 

 across, the pedicels 2-9 cm. long, densely crisped-pubescent; 



