882 COMPOSITAE 



involucres tubular-campanulate, 16-20 mm. long, 16-28 nam. yoshizoeana (Makino) Kitam.; L. japonica var. yoshizoeana 



wide, densely crisped-pubescent, the bracts 9-13, free or Makino Dakebuki, Ch6ry6-s6. Hybrid of L. japonica 



slightly connate, oblong, short-cuspidate; ligulate florets about X L. dentata; lower cauline leaves reniform, about 30 cm. 



10, the corollas 4-5 cm. long, 7-8 mm. wide; achenes about long, 13 cm. wide, palmately cleft, the lobes oblong, toothed at 



9 mm. long, the pappus about 12 mm. long, reddish. July- apex; heads about 7 cm. across; involucres campanulate-glo- 



Aug. Meadows in mountains; Honshu. — —China. bose, 17 mm. long and as much across; pappus about 1 cm. 



Ligularia X yoshizoeana (Makino) Kitam. Senecillis long. Rarely cultivated in gardens. 



34. MIRICACALIA Kitam. O-momijigasa Zoku 



Large perennial herbs; leaves few, alternate, lower ones large, long-petiolate, palmately cleft, short-sheathed at base; heads 

 in racemes, nodding, homogamous; involucral bracts many, 1-seriate; receptacles glabrous; style-branches penicillate at apex; 

 anthers long-exserted, obtuse at base; achenes cylindric, slightly flattened, striate, beaked, narrowed and stiped at base, glabrous; 

 pappus scabrous, brown, with persistent bristles as long as the achene. One species, in Japan. 



1. Miricacalia makineana (Yatabe) Kitam. Senecio toothed, the median leaf smaller, short-petiolate; bracteal leaves 



mal{ineanus Yatabe; Cacalia mahineana (Yatabe) Makino; C. ovate-oblong, 1-1.5 cm. long; heads many, the peduncles 1-4 



iinumae Makino; 5. iinumae Makino; S. makinoi C. Winkler cm. long; involucres tubular, thinly membranous, about 15 



O-MOMijiGASA, MoMijiGASA, TosA-No-MOMijiGASA. Stems mm. long, 12-14 mm. across, densely crisped-puberulent; bracts 



55-80 cm. long, densely pubescent with multicellular short of caliculus 6-7, ovate-oblong, 6-8 mm. long, reflexed in anthe- 



curled hairs; cauline leaves 3, scattered, with crisp short hairs sis; bracts lanceolate; florets about 21; corollas yellow, about 11 



on both sides, the lower long-petiolate, large, peltate, orbicular, mm. long; achenes 7-8 mm. long, the beak about 2 mm. long; 



25-33 cm. wide, deeply cordate, palmately cleft, the lobes 9-12, pappus about 10 mm. long. July-Sept. Woods in moun- 



oblong, acuminate, usually shallowly 3-lobed, mucronate- tains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



35. CACALIA L. K6mori-s6 Zoku 



Perennial herbs; leaves alternate, revolute in bud, the long petioles sometimes short-sheathed at base; inflorescence a corymb, 

 raceme, or panicle; heads without ligulate florets; involucres usually narrowly tubular, sometimes with small bracriets at base, 

 rarely caliculate, the bracts l-seriate, free; receptacle usually flat, glabrous; tubular florets 1-20, usually few, whitish or pale 

 yellow, bisexual, all fertile; style-branches elongate, nearly clavate and short-pilose or penicillate, reflexed in anthesis; anthers ob- 

 tuse or sagittate, auricles connate, elongate or short, the filaments often globosely thickened above; achenes terete, truncate, 

 slightly narrowed at tip, beakless, gradually narrowed at base, glabrous, many-ribbed; pappus-bristles many, snow-white, rarely 

 reddish, minutely scabrous. About 50 species, in Asia and America. 



lA. Cauline leaves many; petioles not entirely clasping the stem. 

 2 A. Involucres not caliculate; pappus snow-white. 



3A. Involucral bracts 3; corolla deeply 5-fid; leaves reniform, toothed, not clasping at base 1. C. adenostyloides 



SB. Involucral bracts 5-8; corolla shallowly 5-fid. 

 4A. Leaves palmately cleft. 



5A. Leaves with raised veinlets; involucres 5-6 mm. long; pappus about 5 mm. long 2. C. teba\oensis 



5B. Leaves with scarcely raised veinlets; involucres 9-10 mm. long; pappus 6.5-8 mm. long 3. C. delphiniifolia 



4B. Leaves not palmately cleft. 



6A. Leaves bearing bulbils in the axils. 



7A. Leaves reniform, the petioles clasping at base 5. C. aunculata 



7B. Leaves cordate, the petioles auriculate, not clasping at base 4. C. farfaraefolia 



6B. Leaves without bulbils in the axils. 

 8A. Involucral bracts 5. 



9A. Petioles clasping at base; inflorescence paniculate 5. C. auriculata 



9B. Petioles not clasping at base; inflorescence corymbose. 



lOA. Leaves 5-18 cm. long, 9-27 cm. wide, mucronate-toothed 6. C. nikomontana 



lOB. Leaves 3.5-4.5 cm. long, 5-6.5 cm. wide, coarsely incised 7. C. shikflkiana 



8B. Involucral bracts more than 5. 



IIA. Leaves reniform, 3-9 cm. long, 5-12 cm. wide, long-caudate; stems 22-42 cm. long; heads 1-7 8. C. nipponica 



IIB. Leaves hastate to deltoid-reniform, 25-35 cm. long, 30-40 cm. wide, short-acuminate; stems 1-2 m. long; heads nu- 

 merous 9. C. hastata 



2B. Involucres caliculate; pappus reddish 10. C. ^iusiana 



IB. Cauline leaves few; petioles entirely clasping the stem, forming a sheath at base. 



12A. Leaves reniform, toothed 1 1. C. amagiensis 



12B. Leaves orbicular, palmately cleft. 



13A. Leaves peltate 12. C. pelujolia 



13B. Leaves basifixed 13. C. yatabei 



1. Cacalia adenostyloides (Fr. & Sav.) Matsum. Sene- leaves sometimes 2 or 3, membranous, reniform, 6-11 cm. 



CIO adenostyloides Fr. & Sav. Kani-komori. Stems 60- long, 10-20 cm. wide, short-cuspidate, cordate, irregularly 



100 cm. long, rather slender, glabrous, naked at base; larger incised-toothed, glabrous on both sides, the petioles 3-13 cm. 



