900 



COMPOSITAE 



1. Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. Solidago chinen- 

 sis Osbeck; Verbesina calendulacea L.; W. calendulacea (L.) 



Less., non Pers. Kumano-giku, Hama-guruma. Stems 



prostrate, elongate, rooting from the nodes, appressed-pilose; 

 leaves chartaceous, lanceolate, sometimes oblong, 2-7 cm. long, 

 6-12 mm. wide, acute, abruptly narrowed at base, mucronate- 

 tipped, sessile or short-petiolate, appressed-pilose on both sur- 

 faces, mucronate-toothed; heads 2-2.5 cm. across, solitary on 

 erect branches, the peduncles 6-12 cm. long; involucres sub- 

 globose, 8-9 mm. long, the bracts 5, nearly equal in length, 

 1-seriate, oblong, acute or sometimes obtuse, short appressed- 

 pubescent; achenes obovate, 3.5 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, 



coarsely hairy at tip; pappus vase- or cup-shaped. May-Sept. 



Seashores; Honshu (Izu and Kii Prov.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 

 Ryukyus, Formosa, China, Malaysia, and India. 



2. Wedelia robusta (Makino) Kitam. W. prostrata var. 



rohusta Makino O-hama-guruma. Stems much elongate, 



creeping, rooting at the nodes, appressed-strigose; leaves thick- 

 chartaceous to somewhat coriaceous, ovate, 3-12 cm. long, 

 1.5-6 cm. wide, acute, cuneate at base, loosely obtuse-toothed, 

 appressed-strigose on both surfaces, the petioles 3-28 mm. 

 long; heads in 3's or sometimes solitary, 2-2.5 cm. across; in- 

 volucres subglobose, the bracts ovate, densely short-strigose on 

 back; achenes about 3 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. wide, cuneate at 

 base, 3- or 4-angIed, short-strigose at tip; pappus crownlike, 



at first strigose-hairy, with 1 or 2 bristles in fruit. ^Apr.- 



Sept. Seashores; Honshu (Kii Prov.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



3. Wedelia prostrata (Hook. & Arn.) Hemsl. Eclipta 

 dcntata Lev. & Van't.; Wollastonia prostrata Hook. & Arn., 



non DC; Verbesina prostrata Hook. & Arn. Hama-guruma, 



Neko-no-shita. Stems long-creeping, rooting at the nodes, 

 coarsely hirsute; flowering branches ascending, leafy, densely 

 strigose; cauline leaves thick-coriaceous, oblong, sometimes 

 ovate or lanceolate, 1.5-4.5 cm. long, 4-14 mm. wide, usually 

 obtuse, rarely acute, cuneate at base, loosely toothed, 3-nerved, 

 coarsely strigose, short-petiolate; heads 16-22 mm. long, usu- 

 ally solitary, terminal; involucres subglobose, the bracts ovate, 

 2-3.5 mm. wide, coarsely strigose; ligulate florets 1-seriate, the 

 corollas yellow, 8-11 mm. long, about 4 mm. wide; achenes 

 3.5-4 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, densely strigose, 3- or 4-angled. 



July-Oct. Near seashores; Honshu (Kanto Distr. and 



westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, Ryukyus, Formosa, 



Bonins, China, and Indochina. 



4. Wedelia biflora (L.) DC. ex Wight. Wollastonia bi- 

 flora (L.) DC; Verbesina biflora L.; Acmella biflora Spreng. 



Kidachi-hama-guruma, Tokiwa-hama-guruma. Stems 



elongate, branched, scandent, coarsely appressed-strigose; 

 leaves thick-chartaceous, ovate, 7-14 cm. long, acuminate, 

 rounded at base, much toothed, appressed-strigose on both 

 surfaces, the petioles 12-23 mm. long; heads 3-6, terminal, 

 2-3 cm. wide, the pedicels slender; involucral bracts ovate- 

 lanceolate or narrowly ovate, gradually narrowed to tip, 

 densely appressed-strigose; ligulate corollas 9-13 mm. long, 

 3.5-4.5 mm. wide, yellow, 2- or 3-toothed; achenes 3-3.5 mm. 

 long, 2-2.5 mm. wide, cuneate at base, 3-angled, coarsely stri- 

 gose toward the tip. ^May-Oct. Near seashores; Kyushu 



(Yakushima and Tanegashima). Bonins, Ryukyus, For- 

 mosa, China, Malaysia, India to Australia, and Africa. 



47. SYNEDRELLA Gaertn. Fushizaki-s5 Zoku 



Strigose annual or biennial branched herbs; leaves opposite, toothed, on winged petioles; heads sessile or pedunculate, axillary, 

 solitary or in a dichasium, heterogamous; involucres globose, the bracts and outer chaff oblong, the inner chaff slightly smaller 

 and narrowly oblong, scarious; ligulate florets 2-seriate, fertile, the corollas bifid; tubular florets fertile, the corollas 4-lobed; 

 anthers shortly bifid at base; achenes of the ligulate florets much flattened dorsally, winged, the wings lacerate and awned at 

 apex; achenes of the tubular florets narrowly oblong, flat, 2-awned. Two species, in the Tropics of Asia and America. 



1. Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaerto. Verbesina nodi- 

 flora L. FusHiZAKi-s6. Annual herb; stems erect, 25-30 



cm. long, with long internodes, short-pilose, dichotomously 

 branched; median leaves ovate, 5-12 cm. long, 2-6 cm. wide, 

 acute to obtuse, cuneate at base, short-toothed, strigose on both 

 surfaces, 3-nerved, the petioles short, briefly connate at base to 

 the opposite petiole; upper leaves smaller, 3.5-4 cm. long; 

 inflorescence globose, in leaf-axils, the heads sessile or short- 



pedicelled; involucres tubular, about 7 mm. long, 5-7 mm. 

 wide, the bracts and outer chaff oblong, obtuse; ligulate 

 corollas yellow, 3.5 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide, bifid; achenes 

 of the tubular florets 4.5 mm. long, coarsely strigose, the short- 

 strigose awns 2-3.5 mm. long. Honshu (Hachijo Isl.). 



Ryukyus, Formosa, s. China, India, Indochina, Malaysia, and 

 tropical America. 



48. BIDENS L. 



Sendangusa Zoku 



Erect branched annuals; lower leaves opposite, the upper sometimes alternate, toothed, sometimes 1 to 3 times ternate or 

 pinnate; heads solitary or in corymboselike panicles, heterogamous; involucral bracts herbaceous, often spreading, 1-seriate, 

 the outer chaff oblong, scarious; ligulate florets 1-seriate, sterile, rarely pistillate, sometimes absent, the corollas yellow or white, 

 spreading; tubular florets bisexual, fertile, the corollas 4- or 5-toothed; achenes flattened dorsally or nearly 4-angled, cuneate or 



linear, beakless, with 2 to 4 usually retrorsely spinulose awns. About 230 species, in temperate to warmer regions, especially 



abundant in America. 



lA. Achenes obovate-cuneate, truncate. 



2A. Achenes 4-angled, 4-awned; tubular corollas 5-toothed \. B. cerntta 



2B. Achenes flat, 2- rarely 3- or 4-awned; tubular corollas 4-toothed. 



3A. Heads ligulate; median leaves pinnately compound, at least the terminal leaflets distinctly petiolate 2. B. jrondosa 



SB. Heads eligulate; median leaves pinnately parted. 



4A. Body of achenes 7-1 1 mm. long 3. B. tripartita 



4B. Body of achenes 4.5-5.5 mm. long 4. B. radiata var. pinnatifida 



