902 



COMPOSITAE 



ovate, short-acuminate, rather prominently toothed, the lateral 

 segments ovate, sometimes pinnatifid in the lower ones; in- 

 volucral bracts 8-10, linear, 3-6.5 mm. long, acute, the outer 

 chaff 5-6 mm. long; ligulate florets absent or 1-5, sterile, the 

 corollas yellow, 5.5 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide; achenes lin- 

 ear, 9-19 mm. long, about 1 iTim. wide, compressed, 4-angled, 



short-strigose, the awns 3 or 4, 3-4 mm. long. Sept.-Nov. 



Wet places and roadsides; Honshu (Kanto Distr. and westw.). 



Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, Manchuria, China, Formosa, In- 

 dia, Malaysia, Australia, Asia Minor, and Africa. 

 Var. mayebarae (Kitam.) Kitam. B. mayebarae Kitam. 



Maruba-ta-ukogi. Lower stems 50-60 cm. long; leaves 



simple, ovate-oblong, 5-13 cm. long, 2.5-6.5 cm. wide, acute, 

 truncate-rounded at base, serrulate, the petioles winged in 



upper part; achenes very densely setulose. ^Near seashores; 



Kyushu (HigoProv.). 



49. GLOSSOGYNE Cass. Seriba-no-sendangusa Zoku 



Glabrous perennials with a thick caudex; stems erect, few-leaved, branched; radical leaves long-petiolate, pinna tely parted, 

 the cauline alternate; heads small, solitary, heterogamous; involucral bracts and outer chaff oblong, slighdy connate and 

 somewhat inflated at base, the inner chaff narrowed and flat; ligulate florets 1-seriate, fertile, the corollas spreading, 3-toothed, 

 the tubular corollas 4-toothed; anthers obtuse at base; achenes glabrous, flattened dorsally, linear, truncate, 2-awned, the awns 

 retrorsely spinulose. About 6 species, in tropical Asia and Australia. 



ones smaller, linear; involucral bracts and chaff about 3 mm. 

 long; ligulate corollas about 3.5 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. wide, 



3-toothed; achenes 6.5-7 mm. long. Honshu (Hachijo Isl. 



in Izu). Bonins, Formosa to s. China, Malaysia, and Aus- 

 tralia. 



1. Glossogyne tenuifolia Cass. Seriba-no-sendangusa. 

 Perennial herb, woody at the base; stems 20-30 cm. long, some- 

 what tufted; radical leaves persistent, long-petiolate, 4.5-9 cm. 

 long, pinnately parted, the segments 2 or 3 pairs, linear, about 

 2 mm. wide, the lower segments 8-20 mm. long, the median 

 leaves few, petiolate, 3-4 cm. long, pinnately parted, the upper 



50. ATRACTYLODES DC. Okera Zoku 



Erect, sometimes branched, stiff herbs; leaves alternate, entire or pinnate, spinulose on margin; florets tubular, bisexual and 

 pistillate, the corollas deeply 5-lobed; involucres campanulate or tubular, the subtending bracteal leaves finely dissected and 

 bristlelike, the bracts many-seriate, obtuse, entire, the innermost row purplish at the tip; receptacle flat, bristly-setose; style 

 thickened at the tip in bisexual flowers, the lobes short, deltoid, mammillate on back, reflexed in the pistillate flowers; achenes 



terete, truncate, villous; pappus bristies nearly equal in length, pinnate, connate at base into a ring. Few species, in Japan 



and China. 



1. Atractylodes japonica Koidz. ex Kitam. Atractylis 

 ovata sensu auct. Japon., non Thunb.; Atractylis ovata var. 

 ternata Komar.; Atractylodes lyrata var. ternata (Komar.) 

 Koidz. Okera. Perennial with elongate, knotty rhi- 

 zomes 5-8 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide; stems 30-100 cm. long, 

 terete; radical leaves withering before anthesis, the cauline 

 firmly chartaceous, long-petiolate, pinnately 3- to 5-sected, 8-1 1 

 cm. long, short-spinulose on margin, the segments elliptic or 

 obovate-oblong, the terminal larger, glabrous and lustrous 



51. CARDUUS L. 



above, slightly cobwebby beneath, with prominent veinlets, 

 the upper leaves small and often simple, subsessile; heads ter- 

 minal, erect, 15-20 mm. across, the bracteal leaves 2-seriate, as 

 long as the head, bipinnate, the segments bristlelike; involu- 

 cres campanulate, 10-12 mm. long, 12-14 mm. wide, the 

 bracts 7- or 8-seriate, the corollas whitish, 10-12 mm. long; 



pappus brownish, 8-9 mm. long. Sept.-Oct. Hills and 



mountains; Honshu, Kyushu; common. Korea and Man- 

 churia. 



Hire-azami Zoku 



Erect, branched herbs; leaves alternate, often long-decurrent and winged, sinuate-toothed or pinnately cleft, spinulose; heads 

 red-purple or white; involucres campanulate to globose, the bracts many-seriate, narrow, spine-tipped, entire, erect or recurved; 

 receptacles setose; florets all alike, fertile, the corollas 5-lobed; style thickened and mammillate with elongate slighdy spreading 

 connate branches; filaments papillose-hairy; achenes glabrous, oblong, slightly flattened, striate, truncate, abruptly narrowed 

 at base; pappus-bristies many, firm, simple, minutely scabrous. About 100 species, in Eurasia and n. Africa. 



1. Carduus crispus L. Hire-azami. Biennial herb; 

 stems 70-100 cm. long, branched, crisped-pubescent, with 

 spine-toothed wings; lower cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate, 

 5-20 cm. long, obtuse to acute, decurrent on the winged base, 

 sessile, pinnately cleft to parted, the segments obtuse, toothed, 

 spine-margined, with cobwebby hairs beneath while young, the 

 upper leaves smaller; heads many; involucres campanulate, 



about 20 mm. long, the bracts 7- or 8-seriate, the outer row 

 gradually smaller, the median row linear-lanceolate, spine- 

 tipped, spreading or recurved at tip; flowers red-purple or 

 rarely white; achenes oblong, about 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; 



pappus about 15 mm. long. May-July. Waste grounds, 



roadsides, and cultivated fields in lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, 

 Kyushu. ^Europe, Caucasus, and e. Asia. 



52. CIRSIUM Adans. Azami Zoku 



Biennial or perennial usually spiny herbs; leaves alternate, simple or divided; heads terminal, polygamous, pedunded or sessile 

 and spicate, nodding or erect, purplish, reddish, or white; involucres globose, campanulate, or tubular, cobwebby-hairy, often 

 viscid, the bracts many-seriate, erect or spreading, entire or spinulose; receptacles setose; florets equal, bisexual, the corollas 5- 



