COMPOSITAE 903 



lobed; style-branches connate except at tip, with a tuft of hairs at base of the branches; filaments papillose-hairy; achenes glabrous, 



obsoletely 4-angled; pappus-bristles many-seriate, unequal, the longer ones plumose, slightly thickened in upper part. More 



than 150 species, in Europe, N. Africa, Asia, N. and Centr. America. 



lA. Involucres depressed-globose, 6.5-8.5 cm. across, the bracts coriaceous, 5-9 mm. wide, spinulosc-margined 1. C. piirpiirattim 



IB. Involucres globose, campanulace, or tubular, 1.5-2.5 cm. across, the bracts 1-4 mm. wide, entire or obsoletely spinulose. 



2 A. Biennial; corolla capillar^', the narrow part 1.5-2.5 times as long as the remainder 2. C. penJultim 



2B. Perennial; corolla broader, the narrow part slightly longer than to shorter than the remainder. 

 3A. Leaves decurrent. 

 4A. Heads nodding. 



5A. Cauline leaves entire to pinnatcly cleft, the lobes of few pairs 3. C. kamtschaticum 



53. Cauline leaves pectinate, the lobes of 8-12 pairs. 



6A. Outer involucral bracts linear-lanceolate; leaves or some of them pinnately divided, the segments narrow. 



4. C. pectinellum 

 6B. Outer involucral bracts oblong-lanceolate; leaves or some of them pinnately parted to cleft, the segments broad. 



5. C. apoiense 

 4B. Heads erect. 



7A. Plants about 30 cm. high; involucres cobwebby 6. C. ugoense 



7B. Plants 1.5-2 m. high; involucres not cobwebby 7. C. grayanum 



3B. Leaves not decurrent. 



8A. Radical leaves not withered at anthesis, rosulate. 



9A. Achenes 4—4.5 mm. long, not narrowed at base 8. C. sieboldi: 



9B. Achenes 3-4 mm. long, narrowed at base. 

 lOA. Involucral bracts recurved or spreading. 



II A. Plants 0.5-2 m. high; heads 4-5.5 cm. across; bracteal leaves of peduncles 2-4. 

 12A. Leaves glaucous, sparingly spinulose, not lustrous. 



I3A. Radical leaves broadly elliptic; involucral bracts lanceolate 9. C. yezoense 



13B. Radical leaves lanceolate-elliptic; involucral bracts narrowly linear 10. C. tenuisqimmatum 



12B. Leaves yellow-green, spinulose, lustrous 11. C. Uicens 



1 IB. Plants 15-50 cm. high; heads 3-4 cm. across; bracteal leaves of peduncles obsolete. 



14A. Radical leaves sessile, deeply pinnatifid; cauline leaves slightly clasping at base; involucres 15-20 mm. wide. 



1 2 . C. tashiroi 

 14B. Radical leaves long-petiolate, entire to pinnately lobed; cauline leaves not clasping at base; involucres 2.5-3 cm. wide. 



13. C. hidaense 

 1 OB. Involucral bracts erect. 



15A. Involucral bracts mostly ovate; narrow portion of corolla longer than the remainder. 



16A. Stems and leaves cobwebby; spines of the bracteal leaves stout, 10—15 mm. long; heads subsessile; involucres 17-18 



mm. long; corollas 18-22 mm. long 14. C. spinosum 



16B. Stems and leaves densely short-pubescent; spines of the bracteal leaves 2-3 mm. long; heads on short peduncles; in- 

 volucres 22-25 mm. long; corollas 27-28 mm. long 15. C. maritimtim 



15B. Involucral bracts mostly linear to lanceolate; narrow portion of corolla shorter than the remainder. 



17A. Heads erect, viscid 16. C. japomcum 



I7B. Heads nodding and viscid, not erect and viscid. 

 I8A. Heads erect, not viscid. 



19A. Radical leaves elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, lustrous and uniformly green on upper side; heads few. 



17. C. aomorense 



19B. Radical leaves oblong-lanceolate, lustreless, the nerves reddish on upper side; heads many 18. C tanakae 



18B. Heads nodding, viscid. 

 20A. Outer and median involucral bracts ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate; leaves slightly cobwebby beneath, 

 relatively thick. 

 21 A. Narrower portion of corolla-tube half as long as the remainder, the lobes J/^ to J^ as long as the broadest 

 part of the corolla; leaf -segments of radical leaves slightly toothed, often densely cobwebby on both sides. 



19. C. nipponense 

 2 IB. Narrow portion of corolla-tube about as long as the remainder, the lobes slightly shorter than the broadest 



part of the corolla; leaf-segments of radical leaves incised-toothcd, loosely cobwebby beneath. 



20. C. chokfliense 

 20B. Outer and median involucral bracts lanceolate-linear to lanceolate; leaves glabrous beneath, relatively thin. 



2 1 . C. maruyamanum 

 8B. Radical leaves withering before anthesis. 



22A. Involucral bracts spinulose on margin 22. C. magofukui 



22B. Involucral bracts entire. 



23A. Involucral bracts many-ribbed on back 23. C. dipsacolcpis 



23B. Involucral bracts 1 -ribbed on back. 



24.\. Limb of corolla 1.5-2 times as long as the broadest part of corolla-tube; leaves linear, 5-10 mm. wide. . . 24. C. lincare 

 24B. Limb of corolla shorter to as long as the broadest part of corolla-tube. 

 25A. Involucres narrow, tubular. 

 26A. Cauline leaves clasping. 

 27A. Heads erect or ascending. 



28.-\. Involucral bracts much recurved. 



