904 COMPOSITAE 



29A. Leaves and heads densely arranged 25. C. confertissimum 



29B. Leaves and heads not densely arranged. 



30A. Leaves auriculate-clasping 26. C. aidztiense 



SOB. Leaves merely clasping. 



31A. Leaves often falcate; heads loosely arranged 27. C. bitchiiense 



31B. Leaves not falcate; heads fasciculate-spicate 28. C. biiergeri 



28B. Outer and median involucral bracts barely recurved. 



32 A. Cauline leaves toothed to shallowly pinnatiiid; involucral bracts 9-seriate, the outer ones ovate. 



29. C. heiianiim 

 32B. Cauline leaves deeply pinnatiiid; involucral bracts 6-seriate, the outer ones lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. 



30. C. suzul{aense 

 273. Heads nodding or pendulous. 



33A. Leaf-segments lanceolate, the spines 3-12 mm. long 31. C. gyojanum 



33B. Leaf-segments oblong-lanceolate, the spines 2-4 mm. long. 



34A. Plants 1.5-2 m. high, leafy throughout; leaves deeply pinnatifid, not vifhite-variegated; involucres about 2.5 



cm. across 32. C. }{agamontanum 



34B. Plants 50-80 cm. high, subscapose, densely leafy at base; leaves much cleft and incised, obsoletely white- 

 variegated on upper surface; involucres about 2 cm. across 33. C. longepediinculaUim 



26B. Cauline leaves not clasping. 



3 5 A. Heads on slender peduncles; leaves oblong or lanceolate, the segments spreading. 



36A. Involucres narrowly tubular, 1.4-2 cm. across, the bracts elongate, prominently recurved at tip. 34. C. effusum 

 36B. Involucres campanulate, about 2.2 cm. across, the bracts relatively short, barely recurved at tip. 



35. C. gratiosum 

 35B. Heads sessile; leaves elliptic or elliptic -lanceolate, the segments erect. 

 37A. Involucral bracts elongate, acute, recurved. 



38A. Involucres 1.7—2 cm. wide; leaf-segments oblong, short-acuminate, the spines 1—2 mm. long. 



36. C. congestissimum 

 38B. Involucres 1.5-1.7 cm. wide; leaf-segments oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, the spines 3-10 mm. long. 



37. C. spicatum 

 37B. Involucral bracts short, acuminate, barely recurved. 



39A. Involucres 1-1.7 cm. across, green, viscid, scarcely cobwebby; leaves loosely cobwebby beneath. 38. C. tenue 

 39B. Involucres 1.7-2 cm. across, purplish, scarcely viscid, densely cobwebby; leaves densely cobwebby beneath. 



39. C. microspicatum 

 25B. Involucres campanulate or campanulate-globose. 

 40A. Heads nodding at anthesis. 

 41 A. Leaves not clasping. 



42A. Involucres campanulate or tubular-campanulate, 2-3 cm. across. 

 43A. Outer involucral bracts as long as the others. 



44A. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate 40. C. nipponicum 



44B. Leaves linear-lanceolate. 



45A. Involucres 2—2.3 cm. across; corolla about 16 mm. long; leaf-segments acuminate. 



41. C. ya\ushimense 

 45B. Involucres about 2.5 cm. across; corolla 17—21 mm. long; leaf-segments short-acuminate. 



42. C. chikushiense 

 43B. Outer involucral bracts shorter than the others. 



46A. Involucral bracts not recurved at tip 43. C. indefensum 



46B. Involucral bracts shortly recurved at tip 44. C. hanamakjense 



42B. Involucres campanulate-globose to depressed-globose, 3.5-4.5 cm. across. 



47A. Leaf-segments acuminate, the spines 2—5 mm. long; heads nodding at anthesesis; involucres campanulate- 

 globose, the outer bracts lanceolate 45. C. suffultum 



47B. Leaf-segments acute, the spines 2-3 mm. long; heads erect at anthesis; involucres depressed-globose, the 



outer bracts lanceolate to linear-lanceolate 46. C. hachijoense 



4 1 B. Leaves clasping. 



48A. Leaves densely white-cobwebby beneath 47. C. noriktirense 



48B. Leaves green beneath. 



49 A. Leaves narrowly oblong-lanceolate, the segments of about 8 pairs, prominently spiny 48. C. senjoense 



49B. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, the segments 3-6 pairs, usually subspinose. 



50A. Heads erect at anthesis, about 3 cm. across; involucral bracts linear-lanceolate, rather thin. 



49. C. amplexijoUtim 

 50B. Heads nodding at anthesis, 3-4 cm. across; involucral bracts lanceolate to ovate, rather thick. 



51 A. Outer and median involucral bracts viscid on back 50. C. matsumurae 



5 IB. Outer and median involucral bracts not viscid. 



52A. Leaf-segments 5 or 6 pairs, spreading; corolla about 15 mm. long 51. C. babanum 



52B. Leaf-segments 3 or 4 pairs, erect; corolla about 17 mm. long 52. C. ganjuense 



40B. Heads erect at anthesis. 



53 A. Cauline leaves deeply pinnatifid, the segments prominently incised-toothed; corolla about 15 mm. long. 



53. C. nambttense 

 53B. Cauline leaves pinnately cleft to entire, the segments loosely lobulate; corolla 18-20 mm. long. 



54A. Cauline leaves dilated at base and broadly clasping 54. C. bomolepis 



54B. Cauline leaves slightly dilated and semiclasping 55. C. inundatum 



