COMPOSITAE 



905 



1. Cirsium purpuratum (Maxim.) Matsum. Cniciis 



purpuratus Maxim. Fuji-azami. Large stout perennial; 



stems tufted, 50-100 cm. long, densely leafy at base, ascending, 

 branched, cobwebby; radical leaves large, narrowly oblong, 

 50-70 cm. long, 17-30 cm. wide, pinnately cleft, the lobes nar- 

 rowly elliptic, 5 or 6 pairs, acute to acuminate, spinulose, cob- 

 webby on both sides, glabrescent, the cauline leaves gradually 

 smaller, sessile, partially clasping, sometimes auriculate at base; 

 heads large, nodding, long-pedunculate; involucres depressed- 

 globose, 6.5-8.5 cm. across, purplish, glabrous; bracts about 

 10-seriate, coriaceous, the outer and median acute, 5-9 mm. 

 wide, densely splnulose-margined, reflexed; corollas rose-pur- 

 ple, 23-29 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. Gravelly and sandy slopes 



in mountains; Honshu (Kanto and centr. distr.). Forma 



albiflorum (Kitam.) Kitam. C. purpuratum var. albiflorum 

 Kitam. Shirobana-fuji-azami. Corollas white. 



Cirsium X misawaense Nakai. Misawa-azami. Hybrid 



of C. mpponicum var. incomptum X C. purpuratum. 



Honshu (centr. distr.). 



2. Cirsium pendulum Fisch. C. jalcatum Turcz.; 

 Cnicus pendulus (Fisch.) Maxim.; Cnicus hilgendorffii Fr. & 



Sav.; Cirsium hilgendorffii (Fr. & Sav.) Makino Taka- 



AZAMi. Biennial; rhizomes short; roots narrowly fusiform 

 at base; stems erect, 1-2 m. long, branched and cobwebby on 

 upper portion; radical and lower cauline leaves large, short- 

 petiolate, 40-50 cm. long, about 20 cm. wide, caudate, pin- 

 nately cleft, the lobes about 5 pairs, linear, glabrous, the 

 median leaves narrowly elliptic, 15-25 cm. long, sessile; heads 

 many, pendulous at anthesis; involucres ovoid, about 2 cm. 

 long, 2.5-3.5 cm. wide, slighdy cobwebby; bracts 8-seriate, 

 the median and outer linear, often reflexed, with a dark mid- 

 rib; corollas capillary, 17-22 mm. long, purplish. Aug.-Oct. 



Grassy places in lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu (Kanto Distr. 



and northw.). Korea, Manchuria, Amur, Ussuri, and Da- 



huria. Forma albiflorum (Makino) Kitam. C. pendulum 



var. albiflorum Makino Shirobana-taka-az.vmi. Corollas 



white. 



Cirsium X iburiense Kitam. Iburi-azami. Hybrid of 

 C. aomorense X C. pendulum. — ■ — Hokkaido (Iburi Prov.). 



3. Cirsium kamtschaticum Ledeb. C. \amtschaticum 

 var. genuinum Herd, and var. tveyrichii Herd.; Cnicus \am- 

 tschaticus (Ledeb.) Maxim.; Cnicus weyrichii (Herd.) 



Maxim.; Cnicus borealis Kitam. Chishima-azami, Ezo- 



AZAMi. Rhizomes stout, woody; stems erect, usually 1-2 m. 

 long, stout, simple or branched, hairy or glabrous, cobwebby in 

 upper part; lower and median cauline leaves rather thin, 

 elliptic to narrowly so, 17-35 cm. long, acute to acuminate, 

 narrowed at base, sessile or short-petiolate, decurrent, spinu- 

 lose, entire or pinnately cleft, the lobes usually of few pairs, 

 nearly glabrous ah)ove, crisped-pubescent, cobwebby-hairy be- 

 neath w'hile young; heads many, nodding in anthesis; in- 

 volucres globose-campanulate, cobwebby, 17-20 mm. long, 

 about 4 cm. wide; bracts about 7-seriate, the outer and median 

 linear-lanceolate, spreading; corolla 15-17 mm. long, purplish. 



July-Sept. Hokkaido. Sakhalin, Kuriles, Kamchatka, 



and Aleutians. 



4. Cirsium pectinellum A. Gray. Cnicus pcctinellus 



Maxim.; Cirsium mamiyanum Koidz. Ezo-no-sawa-azami. 



Stems 50-150 cm. long, slender, often hairy, cobwebby in up- 

 per portion, usually branched; radical leaves elliptic, caudate, 

 abrupdy narrowed at base, pinnately divided, the long winged 

 petiole 30-45 cm. long, the segments 10 or 11 pairs, linear- 

 lanceolate, 3-8 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, often defJexed, pecti- 



nate, glabrous on upper side, paler and pubescent on nerves 

 beneath, the spines about 3 mm. long; cauline leaves elliptic to 

 lanceolate, sessile or short-petiolate, decurrent, pectinate; heads 

 pendulent on slender peduncles; involucres depressed-globose, 

 about 1.6 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, slightly cobwebby; bracts 7- 

 seriate, the outer and median linear-lanceolate, spreading; 



corollas purplish, 15-16 mm. long. July-Aug. Wet places 



in lowlands; Hokkaido. Sakhalin and Kuriles. 



Var. alpinum Koidz. Miyama-sawa-azami. Stems 



shorter, 25-27 cm. long; leaf-segments broader. Alpine; 



Hokkaido (centr. distr.). 



5. Cirsium apoiense Nakai. Apoi-azami. Stems SO- 

 SO cm. long, crisped-pubescent, slighdy branched in upper 

 portion; lower cauline leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, 

 pinnately parted, the segments of 7 or 8 pairs, approximate, 

 oblong, 17-22 cm. long, about 7.5 cm. wide, toothed, glabrous 

 on both sides, spines 2-4 mm. long, winged-petiolate, decur- 

 rent, wings prominendy spiny; heads simple, nodding at 

 anthesis; involucres globose-campanulate, about 1.5 cm. long, 

 2-2.8 cm. wide, cobwebby; bracts 6-seriate, the outer oblong- 

 lanceolate, acuminate, spine-tipped, the median row lanceolate; 



florets about 15 mm. long. Aug. Hokkaido (Mount Apoi 



in Hidaka Prov.). 



6. Cirsium ugoense Nakai. Ugo-azami. Stems erect, 

 30 cm. or more long, loosely pubescent or glabrous, sometimes 

 cobwebby in upper portion; median cauline leaves closely ap- 

 proximate, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 15-20 cm. long, acute 

 to acuminate, spine-margined, sessile, sometimes clasping and 

 decurrent, pinnately parted to entire, the segments approxi- 

 mate, ovate to lanceolate, loosely pubescent on upper side, 

 pubescent on nerves beneath, sometimes glabrous on both 

 sides, the spines 2-3 mm. long; heads sessile or short-peduncu- 

 late; involucres slightly cobwebby, globose-campanulate, 1.5- 

 2.2 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. wide; bracts 6-seriate, erect, nearly 

 equal, the outer sometimes slightly shorter, short spine-tipped; 



corollas purplish, 16-17 mm. long. Aug. Alpine regions; 



Honshu (n. distr.). 



7. Cirsium grayanum (Maxim.) Nakai. Cnicus \am- 

 tschaticus var. grayanus Maxim.; Cirsium \amtschaticum var. 

 grayanum (Maxim.) Matsum. Maruba-hire-azami. Rhi- 

 zomes stout; stems 1.5-2 m. long, short-pubescent, branched 

 in upper portion, loosely cobwebby on the peduncles; median 

 and lower cauline leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 20-25 cm. long, 

 acute to acuminate, narrowed at base, clasping and decurrent, 

 entire to pinnately parted, spiny, the segments about 6 pairs, 

 spreading, oblong-lanceolate, acute, toothed, glabrous on upper 

 side, short-pubescent on nerves beneath, the spines 3-5 mm. 

 long; heads few, approximate, erect at anthesis; involucres 

 campanulate-globose, about 1.5 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. wide; 

 bracts 6-seriate, the outer shorter, linear-lanceolate, the outer 

 and median spine-tipped, sometimes spinulose on margin; 



corolla purplish, 16-17 mm. long. July-Sept. Wet places 



in lowlands; Hokkaido (s. distr.), Honshu (Mutsu Prov.). 



8. Cirsium sieboldii Miq. Cnicus sicboldii (Miq.) 

 Maxim.; Cnicus reinii Fr. 8c Sav.; Cirsium reinii (Fr. & Sav.) 



Matsum.; Cirsium longipes Nakai Ma-azami, Kiseru- 



azami. Stems subscaposc, loosely leaved, 50-100 cm. long, 

 cobwebby or pubescent in upper portion; radical leaves rosu- 

 late, much larger than the cauline, ligulate, 15-55 cm. long, 

 winged-petiolate, usually pinnatifid, the lobes spreading or 

 erect, usually narrow and approximate, incised, glabrous on 

 both sides, the spines 2-3 mm. long; cauline leaves few, gradu- 

 ally smaller, lanceolate or broadly so, pinnately lobed to in- 



