906 



COMPOSITAE 



cised, sessile; heads solitary, terminal, nodding at anthesis, 

 erect in fruit, long-pedunculate; involucres campanulate-glo- 

 bose, about 2.2 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide; bracts sometimes cob- 

 webby, 7-seriate, acute to obtuse, the outer very short, 3-4 mm. 

 long, spine-tipped, appressed; corollas purplish, 17-19 mm. 



long; achenes 4--4.5 mm. long. Sept.-Oct. Wet places 



along rivers and streams in lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu. 



Var. austrokiushianum (Kitam.) Kitam. C. austro\iushi- 



anum Kitam. Satsuma-azami. Leaves narrowly elliptic, 



often prominendy spinose; heads larger, often with 1-3 linear 

 bracts at base; involucres 25-27 mm. long, 4-5 cm. wide, the 



bracts loosely imbricate; corolla 20-23 mm. long. Wet 



places along rivers in Kyushu (s. distr.) . 



Cirsium X pilosum Kitam. Ke-ma-azami. Hybrid of 



C. sieboldii X C. tana\ae. Honshu (Shirakawa in Iwaki 



Prov.). 



9. Cirsium yezoense (Maxim.) Makino. Cnicus yezoen- 

 sis Maxim.; Cirsium maximowiczii var. riparium Koidz.; 

 Cirsium riparium (Koidz.) Koidz.; Cirsium yoshizawae 



Koidz. Sawa-azami. Stems 1-2 (-3) m. long, cobwebby, 



branched, leafy; radical leaves thin, large, broadly elliptic, 50- 

 60 cm. long, about 30 cm. wide, pinatifid, the lobes of about 

 5 pairs, lanceolate-elliptic, irregularly toothed, short spine- 

 tipped, glaucous and mealy-puberulent above, glabrous be- 

 neath; cauline leaves gradually smaller, lanceolate to broadly 

 elliptic, pinnatifid; heads solitary on the branches, nodding, 

 usually subtended by few bracteal leaves; involucres depressed- 

 globose, 2.5-2.7 cm. long, 4-4.5 cm. wide; bracts thin, flat, cob- 

 webby, about 7-seriate, the outer lanceolate, obliquely spread- 

 ing, the median nearly unarmed; corollas reddish, 18-21 mm. 

 long; achenes 3-4 mm. long. Sept.-Oct. Woods; Hok- 

 kaido (s. distr.), Honshu (Kinki Distr. and northw.). 



10. Cirsium tenuisquamatum Kitam. Sambe-sawa- 

 azami. Stems 50-100 cm. long, branched, cobwebby; radi- 

 cal leaves rosulate, lanceolate-elliptic, 25-50 cm. long, 12-20 

 cm. wide, usually obtuse, narrowed below to a winged petiole, 

 pinnately cleft, the lobes about 5 pairs, oblong, coarsely 

 toothed, short-spinulose, deep green and slighdy scaberulous 

 above, glabrous beneath; cauline leaves gradually smaller, ob- 

 long-lanceolate, slightly clasping or not at all, pinnatifid to 

 toothed, the spines short; heads solitary on the branches, nod- 

 ding, subtended by 2-4 lanceolate, spinulose-toothed bracteal 

 leaves; involucres depressed-globose, 2-2.2 cm. long, 3.5-4.5 

 cm. wide, cobwebby; bracts about 6-seriate, the outer nar- 

 rowly linear, acuminate, 0.5-1 mm. wide, about half as long 

 as the inner, the inner and median obliquely spreading, spine- 

 tipped, mealy dotted, the inner recurved; corollas purplish, 21- 



22 mm. long. Oct.-Nov. Woods along rivers; Honshu 



(Chiigoku Distr.). 



11. Cirsium lucens Kitam. Teri-ha-azami. Stems 

 1-1.5 m. long, densely leafy, cobwebby, branched; radical 

 leaves thin, elliptic, 55-60 cm. long, 20-30 cm. wide, narrowed 

 at base to a winged petiole, lustrous and nearly glabrous 

 above, yellow-green, loosely cobwebby and short-hairy on 

 nerves beneath, pinnately cleft, the lobes 4-7 pairs, oblong, 

 coarsely toothed, the spines thick, 5-6 mm. long; upper leaves 

 gradually smaller, lanceolate, pinnatifid or coarsely toothed, 

 acute, partially clasping at base, nearly glabrous on both sides; 

 heads solitary, nodding, bracteal leaves at base few or absent; 

 involucres depressed-globose, cobwebby, about 1.8 cm. long, 

 3.5 cm. wide; bracts rather thin, flat, 6- or 7-seriate, obliquely 



spreading at the tip, entire, spine-tipped, the outer linear-lance- 

 olate, the median ovate-lanceolate; corollas pink, 19-20 mm. 

 long. Sept.-Oct. Along rivers; Kyushu. 



12. Cirsium tashiroi Kitam. Watamuki-azami. Stems 

 scapose, slender, 30-50 cm. long, rarely to 1 m. long, hairy 

 and cobwebby, usually slightiy branched; radical leaves very 

 thin, rosulate, lanceolate-elliptic, usually 15-30 cm. long, acute 

 to acuminate, gradually narrowed at base, subsessile, deeply 

 pinnatifid, the segments 7-9 pairs, approximate, ovate, ir- 

 regularly 3- to 5-lobed, glabrous or pubescent on upper side, 

 pubescent on nerves beneath, the spines 2-3(-5) mm. long; 

 cauline leaves few, small, oblong or lanceolate, acuminate, 

 slightly clasping, pinnately lobulate or incised; heads few, nod- 

 ding, on long peduncles, the bracteal leaves 1-3, obsolete; in- 

 volucres cobwebby, campanula te-tubular, 1.5-1.7 cm. long, 1.5- 

 2.5 cm. wide; bracts thin, 6-seriate, erect or spreading, short 

 spine-tipped, the outer linear-lanceolate; corollas purplish, 18- 



21 mm. long. Sept.-Oct. Woods in mountains; Honshu 



(Kinki Distr. and Totomi Prov.). 



13. Cirsium hidaense Kitam. Hida-azami. Stems 

 15-50 cm. long, branched, hairy and cobwebby; radical leaves 

 rosulate, lanceolate-elliptic, 15-37 cm. long, acute to obtuse, 

 long-petiolate, entire to pinnately lobed, spinose, the lobes 

 oblong or ovate, toothed or incised, sometimes hairy on both 

 sides; cauline leaves gradually becoming smaller in the upper 

 ones, acute to acuminate, sessile, entire to pinnately lobed, 

 spinose; heads terminal, nodding at anthesis; involucres cam- 

 panulate, cobwebby, 1.5-1.9 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. wide; bracts 

 thin, 7-seriate, the outer and median elongate, linear-lanceo- 

 late, long-acuminate, short spine-tipped; corollas purplish, 



16-20 mm. long. Sept.-Nov. Woods; Honshu (Mino and 



HidaProv.). 



14. Cirsium spinosum Kitam. Oiran-azami. Stems 

 stout, branched, cobwebby; radical leaves rather thick, ob- 

 long, about 30 cm. long, long-petiolate, pinnately parted, the 

 segments spreading, ovate, approximate, toothed, spine-tipped, 

 glabrous above, cobwebby beneath, rarely short-pubescent on 

 nerves beneath; cauline leaves gradually smaller, elliptic or 

 broadly ovate, auriculate-clasping, pinnately lobed to cleft, the 

 lobes prominently spiny, cobwebby beneath; heads subsessile, 

 congested, the spines of the bracteal leaves 10-15 mm. long; 

 involucres campanulate, 1.7-1.8 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. wide; 

 bracts 5- or 6-seriate, erect, spine-tipped, nearly equal in length 

 or the outer slightly shorter, the outer ovate, acuminate, cilio- 



late; corollas 18-20 rrun. long. Aug.-Oct. Near seashores; 



Kyushu (s. distr.) . Ryukyus. 



15. Cirsium maritimum Makino. Hama-azami. Stems 

 ascending, 15-60 cm. long, branched at base, hairy and cob- 

 webby; radical leaves spreading, narrowly oblong, 15-35 cm. 

 long, obtuse, narrowed at base, spiny, short-petiolate, pinnately 

 parted, the segments rather thick, elliptic, variously lobed, 

 deep green and lustrous above, densely pubescent on nerves 

 beneath, the cauline leaves narrowly oblong, sessile, scarcely 

 clasping at base; heads erect, short-pedunculate, in loose 

 corymbs, usually with few rather large bracteal leaves at base; 

 involucres campanulate, 2.2-2.5 cm. long, 2.2-2.8 cm. wide; 

 bracts 6-seriate, short spine-tipped, the outer elongate, ovate- 

 lanceolate, obliquely ascending in upper half; corollas purplish 



to white, 27-28 mm. long. July-Sept. Near seashores; 



Honshu (Izu Prov. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



16. Cirsium japonicum DC. Cnicus japonicus (DC.) 

 Maxim., and var. intermedius Maxim.; Cirsium lacinulatum 



