Compos IT AE 



907 



Nakai; C. senile Nakai; C. maac}{ii var. I{iusianum Nakai 



No-AZAMi. Plant 0.5-1 m., rarely to 2 m. high; stems often 

 densely pubescent at base; radical leaves obovate-oblong, 15-30 

 cm. long, narrowed at base, loosely pubescent above, pubescent 

 on nerves beneath, pinnately cleft to toothed, the lobes 5 or 6 

 pairs, oblong, short spine-tipped, the median cauline leaves 

 oblong, broadly clasping at base, pinnately cleft; heads usually 

 terminal, erect, viscid; involucres depressed-globose, 1.5-2 cm. 

 long, 2.5^ cm. wide; bracts 6- or 7-seriate, slighdy cobwebby, 

 linear, the outer very short, somewhat longer in the inner, 

 acuminate, short spine-tipped, entire, viscid on back; corollas 



purplish or rose-colored, 18-23 mm. long. June-Aug. 



(-Oct.). Lowlands and low elevations in the mountains; 

 Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very common and variable; some- 

 times cultivated for cut-flowers. 



Var. horridum Nakai. Toge-azami. Stems 15-20 cm. 

 long, densely leafy; spines 5-7 mm. long. .A.lpine; Shikoku. 



Var. ibukiense Nakai. C. ibti\iense (Nakai) Nakai 



MiYAMA-Ko-AZAMi. Stems short, densely leafy; spines stout, 

 3-5 mm. long. 



Var. vestitum Kitam. Kesho-azami. Leaves densely 



cobwebby and white beneath. Honshu (Tanba and Settsu 



Prov. westw.), Shikoku. 



Var. ussuriense (Regel) Kitam. Cirsitim littorale var. us- 

 siiriense Regel; Cirsium maaekii Maxim.; Cnicus japonicus 

 var. maac\ii (Maxim.) Maxim.; Cnicus maac^ii var. \oraiensis 

 Nakai; Cirsium maac\ii var. \oraiense (Nakai) Nakai; Cir- 

 sium asperum Nakai Kar.'V-no-azami. Leaves thicker, 



darker when dried; heads slightly nodding to erect; involu- 

 cres very viscid. Kyushu (Tsushima). Manchuria, Us- 



suri, and Korea. 



Var. diabolicum (Kitam.) Kitam. Cirsium diaboUcum 



Kitam. Oni-ono-azami. Stems densely long-pubescent, 



cobwebby above; leaves deeply pinnatifid, the lobes about 10 



pairs; heads nodding in anthesis, very viscid. Mountains of 



Japan Sea side of Honshu. 



17. Cirsium aomorense Nakai. Cnicus japonicus var. 

 yezoensis}Aa\\m.\ Cirsium maximowiczii Nakai; C. yesoanum 



Nakai; C. japonicum var. yezoense (Ma.xim.) Matsum. 



6no-azami, Aomori-azami. Stems about 50 cm. long, sub- 

 scapose, often densely cobwebby; radical leaves much larger 

 than the cauline, ellipdc to ellipdc-lanceolate, 30-60 cm. long, 

 1 1-25 cm. wide, narrowed at base, lustrous and glabrous above, 

 slightly cobwebby to glabrous beneath, once to twice pinnatifid, 

 the lobes incised; lower cauline leaves semiclasping; median 

 leaves loosely arranged, small, clasping, narrowly oblong, pin- 

 natifid, loosely cobwebby beneath; heads long-pedunculate, 

 erect at anthesis; involucres depressed-globose, 1.8-2 cm. long, 

 3-4 cm. wide, cobwebby; bracts 6- or 7-seriate, linear, short 

 spine-tipped, the outer often elongate; corollas 20-22 mm. 

 long.— — Aug.-Sept. Grassy places in lowlands; Hokkaido, 

 Honshu (n. distr.). 



Cirsium perplexissimum Kitam. Mayowase-azami. 

 Hybrid of C. aomorense X C. heiianum. 



18. Cirsium tanakae (Fr. & Sav.) Matsum. Cnicus 



tanakae Fr. & Sav.; Cirsium autumnale Kitam. Nohara- 



az.vmi. Stems 50-100 cm. long, scapose, pubescent, gla- 

 brous, or cobwebby; radical leaves 25-40 cm. long, oblong- 

 lanceolate, narrowed at base, glabrous or loosely cobwebby on 

 upper side, with reddish nerves, loosely cobwebby beneath, 

 often pubescent on nen'cs, pinnatifid, the lobes 8-12 pairs, 

 incised; cauline leaves smaller, scattered, oblong or lanceolate. 



pinnatifid, clasping; heads erect, sometimes with 1 to 3 

 bracteale leaves at base; involucres campanulate-globose, cob- 

 webby, 1.6-1.8 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. wide; bracts 6- or 7-seriatc, 

 linear-lanceolate, short spine-tipped, the outer short or slighdy 



elongate; corollas purplish, 17-18 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. 



Grassy places; Honshu (n. and centr. distr.). 



Var. nikkoense (Nakai) Kitam. Cirsium nil^kpense Nakai; 



C. japonicum subsp. nil{koense (Nakai) Nakai Nikko- 



AZAMi. Leaves twice pinnately cleft, the lobes narrower 

 and congested. Honshu (Nikko in Shimotsuke). 



Var. niveum (Kitam.) Kitam. C. niWoense var. niceum 

 Kitam. Okina-azami. Stems white-villous; leaves gla- 

 brous to whitish cobwebby beneath, tlie lobes narrower. 



Mountains of Honshu (Shinano and Echigo Prov.). 



19. Cirsium nipponense (Nakai) Koidz. C. nippo- 

 nense var. spinulosum Kitam.; C. japonicum subsp. yesoense 

 var. nipponense Nakai; C. maximowiczii var. nipponense 

 (Nakai) Nakai; C. maximowiczii var. glutinosum Nakai, pro 



parte. Oni-azami, Oni-no-azami. Stems 50-100 cm. 



long, stout, crisped-pubescent and cobwebby on upper portion; 

 radical leaves large, oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, 35-65 cm. 

 long, obtuse to short-acuminate, narrowed at base, long-petio- 

 late, pinnatifid, the lobes 5-8 pairs, spreading, ovate or oblong, 

 acute, slightly toothed, spinulose, cobwebby on both sides; 

 cauline leaves gradually smaller, acuminate, broadly auricuiate- 

 clasping, pinnatifid, the lobes 5-8 pairs, oblong, hairy above, 

 cobwebby beneath while young, the spines 5-8 mm. long; 

 heads nodding at anthesis, often with bracteal leaves at base; 

 involucres globose, viscid, 2-2.2 cm. long, 3-4.5 cm. wide, 

 spine-tipped; bracts 6-seriate, the outer short, ovate, acuminate, 

 often spinulose on margin; corollas purphsh, 15-18 mm. long. 

 June-SepL Mountains; Honshu (n. and centr. distr.). 



20. Cirsium chokaiense Kitam. C. maximowiczii var. 



glutinosum Nakai, pro parte. Chokai-azami. Stems I- 



1.5 m. long, densely pubescent in upper portion; radical leaves 

 rosulate, oblong, about 40 cm. long, acute, pinnatifid, the lobes 

 about 6 pairs, oblong, acute, incised-toothed, densely crisped- 

 pubescent above, loosely cobwebby beneath and pubescent on 

 nerves; median cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate, 17-20 cm. 

 long, long-acuminate, broadly clasping, lobed to cleft, the 

 spines 5-20 mm. long; heads nodding at anthesis, with 1 or 

 2 bracteal leaves; involucres depressed-globose, prominently 

 viscid, about 2.7 cm. long, 4-5 cm. wide, short-acuminate, the 

 outer bracts short, ovate-lanceolate, the median oblong-lanceo- 

 late; corollas about 18 mm. long, purplish. Aug. Alpine 



regions; Honshu (Mount Chokai in Ugo Prov.). 



21. Cirsium maruyamanum Kitam. Mura-kumo- 

 AZAMi. Stems 50-90 cm. long, crisped-pubescent and cob- 

 webby-hairy; radical leaves rosulate, narrowly to broadly ob- 

 long, 20-35 cm. long, pinnately cleft to parted, the lobes 8-9 

 pairs, spreading, often 3-lobulate, spinulose, glabrous on both 

 sides; cauline leaves many, gradually smaller, oblong, acumi- 

 nate, broadly clasping, pinnatifid, loosely pubescent to glabrous 

 on upper side; heads nodding at anthesis, often bracteate; in- 

 volucres depressed-globose, about 2 cm. long, about 3.5 cm. 

 wide, loosely cobwebby; bracts about 5-seriate, viscid on the 

 midrib, blackish, the outermost lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 

 about 1/5 as long as die inner, acuminate, very short spine- 

 tipped; corollas purplish, about 20 mm. long. May-June. 



Wet places in lowlands; Honshu (Chugoku Distr.). 



22. Cirsium magofukui Kitam. Inabe-azami. Stems 

 nearly glabrous, branched; cauline leaves elliptic to elliptic- 



