910 



COMPOSITAE 



short, lanceolate to ovate, acute to acuminate, the median 

 oblong or narrowly so, usually acuminate, often spreading 



at apex; corollas purplish, 17-18 mm. long. Sept.-Oct. 



Honshu (Bitchu Prov.). 



Var. ishizuchiense Kitam. Ishizuchi-usuba-azami. Lobes 

 of radical leaves about 8 pairs, long-acuminate; spines of 

 cauline leaves large and stout, 6-15 mm. long; involucres long- 

 acuminate and spreading. Shikoku. 



39. Cirsium microspicatum Nakai. Azuma-yama- 

 AZAMi. Stems 1.5-2 m. long, densely cobwebby in upper 

 portion; lower and median cauline leaves thin, elliptic or ellip- 

 tic-lanceolate, 23-60 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, narrowed 

 at base, sometimes white-variegated and mealy-puberulent or 

 glabrous above, densely cobwebby and puberulent beneath, 

 short-petiolate or sessile, pinnately cleft to lobed, the lobes 

 lanceolate, 4 or 5 pairs, narrowly acuminate, often irregularly 

 3-lobulate nearly to the base, spines 5-10 mm. long; heads 

 spicate, erect or ascending, usually pedunculate, rarely sessile; 

 involucres tubular-campanulate, densely cobwebby, 1.5-1.8 cm. 

 long, 1.7-2 cm. wide, purplish; bracts 7-seriate, the outer short, 

 ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, spine-tipped, the median nar- 

 rowly oblong; corollas purplish, 18-20 mm. long. Sept.- 

 Oct. Mountains; Honshu (Kanto to Kinki Distr.). 



Var. kiotense Kitam. Oharame-azami. Outer and me- 

 dian involucral bracts obtuse, very rarely acute, appressed, 



scarcely spine-tipped. Honshu (Kinki and w. Hokuriku 



Distr.). 



Var. yechizenense Kitam. Echizen-azami. Leaves usu- 

 ally elliptic, pinnatilobed, the lobes entire, spinulose, short 

 spine-tipped; heads nodding; involucres campanulate, 12-17 

 mm. long, the bracts imbricate, obtuse or acute, scarcely spine- 

 tipped. Honshu (Echizen Prov.). 



40. Cirsium nipponicum (Maxim.) Makino. Cnicus 



nipponicus Maxim. Nambu-azami. Stems 1-2 m. long, 



cobwebby to glabrous; median cauline leaves thick, elliptic- 

 lanceolate, 20-30 cm. long, acuminate, narrowed at base, entire 

 or incised-toothed, glabrous above, crisped-pubescent or some- 

 times glabrous beneath, sessile or short winged-petiolate, some- 

 times pinnatifid, the spines 1-2 mm. long, the lobes 5 or 6 pairs, 

 acuminate, lobulate nearly to the base; heads many, peduncu- 

 late, nodding in anthesis; involucres campanulate, sometimes 

 cobwebby; bracts 7-seriate, the outer and median often lanceo- 

 late and elongate, long-recurved or spreading, sometimes short 



and spreading; corollas purplish, 16-20 mm. long. Aug.- 



Oct. Honshu (n. and centr. distr.) . Forma lanuginosum 



(Nakai) Kitam. C. pseudopendulum Nakai, excl. syn.; C. 



nipponicum var. lanuginosum Nakai Urage-hime-azami. 



Leaves cobwebby beneath. 



Var. sendaicum (Nakai) Kitam. Cirsium sendaicum 



Nakai; C. matsushimense Kitam. ^Matsushima-azami. 



Lower and median leaves pinnatiparted, the segments 5 pairs, 



glabrous above, short-pubescent beneath. Honshu (n. 



distr.). 



Var. amplexicaule (Nakai) Kitam. C. sendaicum var. 



amplexicaule Nakai Dakiba-nambu-azami. Differs from 



var. sendaicmn in having cauline leaves slighdy clasping. 



Honshu (Matsushima in Rikuzen). 



Var. comosum (Fr. & Sav.) Kitam. Cnicus comosus Fr. 



& Sav.; Cirsium coinosum (Fr. & Sav.) Matsum. Iga- 



AZAMi. Heads congested or short-pedunculate; involucral 



bracts and leaves with thick stout spines. Grassy places 



near seashore; Honshu (s. Kanto Distr.). 



Var. incomptum (Maxim.) Kitam. Cnicus su'ffultus var. 

 incomptus Maxim.; Cirsium suffultum var. incomptum 

 (Maxim.) Matsum.; Cnicus incomptus (Maxim.) Fr. & Sav.; 

 Cirsium incomptum (Maxim.) Nakai; C. fauriei Nakai; C. 

 nipponicum var. incomptum (Maxim.) Kitam.; C. tonense 



Nakai; C. spicatum Matsum., pro parte Tai-azami. Stems 



1-2 m. long; leaves pinnatifid, sometimes merely toothed; 

 spines shorter; heads often rather long-pedunculate; involu- 

 cral bracts with a shorter spine-tip. Honshu (Kanto, T6- 



kaido, and e. Kinki Distr.). 



Var. sawadae (Kitam.) Kitam. C. comosum var. sawadae 

 Kitam. Hakone-azami. Stems often hairy; leaves pin- 

 nately cleft, the lobes very narrow, long-acuminate; heads 

 campanulate, about 25 mm. wide, ascending at anthesis, short- 

 pedunculate or sessile. Mountains; Honshu (Sagami and 



SurugaProv.). 



Var. yatsugatakense (Nakai) Kitam. C. yatsugatakense 



Nakai; C. comosum var. yatsugatakense (Nakai) Kitam. 



Yatsugatake-azami. Median leaves long-acuminate, short- 

 pubescent on both sides, often cobwebby beneath, sometimes 

 partially clasping, the lobes 4-6 pairs, spines 5-10 mm. long. 

 High mountains; Honshu (Shinano, Iwashiro Prov.). 



Var. yoshinoi (Nakai) Kitam. C. yoshinoi Nakai; C. in- 

 ■flatum Kitam. Yoshino-azami. Leaves entire to pin- 



nately cleft, acuminate, not clasping; spines 2—4 mm. long; 

 heads many, sometimes in racemes, nodding at anthesis; in- 

 volucres about 1.6 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. wide, the outer bracts 

 short, recurved toward the tip, short spine-tipped, sometimes 

 viscid. Honshu (Kinki and Chugoku Distr.). 



Var. shikokianum Kitam. Shikoku-azami. Differs 



from the preceding variety in the slightly larger heads with 

 spreading marginal florets; involucral bracts slightly elongate, 

 acutely recurved, short-spined. Shikoku. 



41. Cirsium yakushimense Masam. Yakushima-azami. 

 Stems 30-40 cm. long, densely leafy, cobwebby and often short- 

 pubescent; lower cauline leaves lanceolate, 17-27 cm. long, 

 narrowly long-acuminate, narrowed at base, usually short- 

 pubescent above, glabrous or the nerves pubescent beneath, 

 sessile or the petiole winged, deeply pinnatifid, the lobes 6-9 

 pairs, acuminate, spines stout, 5-10 mm. long; median leaves 

 sometimes partially clasping; heads in spikes, erect or ascend- 

 ing at anthesis, bracteate; involucres campanulate, 1.6-1.7 cm. 

 long, 2-2.3 cm. wide; bracts 6-seriate, slighdy cobwebby, the 

 outer ovate, acuminate, elongate, spine-tipped, the median 



oblong, acuminate; corollas purplish, about 16 mm. long. 



Mountains; Kyushu (Yakushima). 



42. Cirsium chikushiense Koidz. Noma-azami. Stems 

 70-100 cm. long, densely cobwebby; lower cauline leaves 

 lanceolate, 22-33 cm. long, narrowly long-acuminate, short- 

 petiolate or sessile, pinnatifid, the lobes 5 or 6 pairs, ovate, 

 short-acuminate, irregularly 3-lobulate, loosely cobwebby on 

 both sides, the spines very stout, 8-16 mm. long, the median 

 leaves very long-acuminate; involucres campanulate-globose, 

 slightly cobwebby, about 1.9 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide; bracts 6- 

 seriate, the outer elongate, linear-lanceolate, the median elon- 

 gate, ovate or oblong-acuminate, erect or sometimes recurved; 



corollas purplish, 17-21 mm. long. Oct.-Nov. Kyushu 



(Satsuma and Oosumi Prov.). 



43. Cirsium indefensum Kitam. Toge-nashi-azami. 

 Stems about 2 m. long, densely white-villous while young; 

 lower cauline leaves elliptic-lanceolate, about 40 cm. long, 

 gradually narrowed at tip, cuneate at base, short-petiolate or 



