COMPOSITAE 913 



54. HEMISTEPTA Bunge Kitsune-azami Zoku 



Biennial herbs with erect branched stems; leaves alternate, lyrate, pinnatifid, densely whitish tomentose beneath, spineless; 

 heads many, homogamous; involucres ovoid, the bracts many-seriate, imbricate, the outer and median with a keeled appendage 

 on back; receptacle nearly flat, setose; florets bisexual, fertile, capillary, purplish, the narrower portion of tube very long; anthers 

 sagittate-connate, the tails laciniatc; style branches rounded-truncate and granular-tubcrculate at the tip, tuberculate on back, 

 becoming recurved; filaments glabrous; achenes glabrous, oblong, 15-ribbed; pappus-bristles 2-seriate, tlie outer very short, few, 



persistent, rather broad, truncate at apex, the inner plumose, elongate, deciduous. Few species, in India, China, Australia, 



and e. Asia. 



1. Hemistepta lyrata Bunge. H. carthamoides (Ham- white-tomentose beneath; heads usually many, erect; involucres 



ilt.) O. Kuntze; Cnicus multicaidis DC; Serratula carthamo- globose, 12-14 mm. long, the bracts 8-seriate, with a cristate 



ides Hamilt. ex Roxb., non Poir.; Aplotaxis carthamoides DC; appendage on back at tip, the outer short, ovate-deltoid, acute; 



Cirsitim lyratum Bunge; Saussurea affinis Spreng.; Serratula corollas purplish. May-June. Waste grounds, roadsides 



tinctoria Sieb., non L. Kitsune-azami. Stems 60-80 cm. and culdvated fieleds in lowlands; Honshu, Kyushu; com- 



long, often branched; leaves broadly oblanceolate, 10-20 cm. mon. Ryukyus, Formosa, China, Korea, Manchuria, India, 



long, pinnately parted, the terminal segments largest, deltoid, and Australia, 

 the lateral segments 7 or 8 pairs, rather narrow, green above, 



55. SAUSSUREA DC. T6-hiren Zoku 



Biennials or perennials; leaves toothed or pinnatifid, ending in a callose point; heads usually small, in corymbs or racemes, 

 sometimes solitary, homogamous; involucres globose to campanulate or tubular, the bracts many-seriate, imbricate, not spiny, 

 sometimes with a scarious apical appendage; receptacle glabrous or setose; florets usually rose-purple, sometimes white, bisexual, 

 fertile; corollas tubular, the limb 5-lobed; anthers sagittate, the filaments glabrous; achenes glabrous, obsoletely 4-angled; pappus- 



brisdes 2-seriate, the outer short, scabrous to plumose, deciduous, the inner plumose, persistent, connate at base. About 150 



species, abundant in the mountains of Asia, few in Europe and N. America. 



I.\. Biennials without rhizomes; involucral bracts with a scarious, colored appendage. 



2A. Involucres broadly campanulate, 10-14 mm. across 1. S. pulchella 



2B. Involucres tubular, 5-8 mm. across 2. 5. japonica 



I B. Perennials with rhizomes; involucral bracts without an appendage. 



3A. Receptacles naked; stems 4-10 cm. long; radical leaves persistent at anthcsis 3.5. chionophylla 



3B. Receptacles setose; radical leaves usually withering before anthesis. 

 4A. Inflorescence a dense corymb. 



5A. Involucres globose to campanulate. 



6A. Involucral bracts mucronate-acuminate 4. 5. tobitae 



6B. Involucral bracts gradually narrowed toward tip. 



7A. Heads 7-15, campanulate; involucral bracts densely gray-puberulent, recurved 21. S. nipponica 



7B. Heads usually 2-5, globose-campanulate. 



8A. Involucral bracts cobwebby; median and inner bracts white-woolly on Kick 5. 5. jranchetii 



SB. Involucral bracts brownish pubescent on back. 



9A. Outer involucral bracts erect 6. 5. brachyccphala 



9B. Outer involucral bracts recurved T . S. nil{pensis 



5B. Involucres tubular. 



lOA. Outer involucral bracts acute to acuminate. 

 11 A. Outer involucral bracts short, acute. 



12A. Leaves white-tomentose beneath, elongate-deltoid 8. 5. gracilis 



123. Leaves pale green beneath. 

 13A. Leaves lanceolate. 



14A. Leaves undulately lobed, the lobes usually obtuse 9. 5. scaposa 



14B. Leaves not undulately lobed, acuminate. 



15A. Stems much-branched; branches of corymbs with 2 or 3 heads; leaves glabrous 10. 5. modesta 



15B. Stems nearly simple; branches of corymbs with 5-9 heads; leaves pubescent 11.5. kjrigainincnsis 



13B. Leaves ovate. 



16A. Leaves not decurrcnt 12. 5. ussuriensis 



16B. Leaves dccurrent, at least in the upper cauline. 



17A. Leaves undulate-lobulate 13. 5. Iriftcra 



17B. Leaves not undulate-lobulate 14. 5. ricderi 



IIB. Outer involucral bracts elongate, long-acuminate. 



18A. Stems 50-100 cm. long; involucres 5-6 mm. wide; narrower portion of corolla-tube 1.5 times as long as the other part. 



15. 5. acuminala var. sachalinensis 

 18B. Stems 6-30 cm. long; involucres 11-12 mm. wide; narrower portion of corolla-tube as long as the other part. 



1 6. 5. yanagisawae 



lOB. Outer involucral bracts obtuse to rounded 17. S. jauriei 



4B. Inflorescence a loose corymb or raceme. 



