914 



COMPOSITAE 



19A. Outer involucral bracts ovate or lanceolate, long-acuminate or cuspidate. 

 20A. Involucres 5-8 mm. across. 



21A. Heads few; leaves sagittate at base 18. 5. sagitta 



21B. Heads many; leaves hastate to cordate or cuneate at base 19. 5. spinulifera 



20B. Involucres 8-12 mm. across. 



22A. Outer involucral bracts recurved. 



23A. Leaves not decurrent, usually consistently undulate to sinuate 20. S. yoshinagae 



23B. Leaves decurrent, mucronate-toothed to undulately lobulate 21. S. nipponica 



22B. Outer involucral bracts not recurved. 

 24A. Leaves not decur-'ent. 



25A. Lower cauline leaves oblong, not sinuate, hastate 22. S. amabilis 



25B. Lower cauline leaves ovate, sinuate, cordate 23. S. rinuatoides 



24B. Leaves decurrent 24. 5. pennata 



19B. Outer involucral bracts ovate-deltoid, acute to obtuse. 



26A. Involucral bracts obtuse; leaves oblong, glandular-dotted, pinnately parted to toothed, sometimes entire. . . 25. S. maximowiczii 

 26B. Involucral bracts acute to cuspidate. 



27A. Inflorescence a loose corymb; leaves not decurrent 26. S. insuhris 



27B. Inflorescence racemose; leaves decurrent 27. S. tanahfie 



1. Saussurea pulchella Fisch. ex DC. Serratula pul- 

 chella (Fisch.) Sims; Theodorea pulchella (Fisch.) Cass.; 

 Saussurea japonica sensu auct, pro parte, non DC; S. japon- 

 ica var. pulchella (Fisch.) Koidz.; S. \oraiensis Nakai; 5. 

 pulchella vars. subintegra, pinnatifida, ovata, and alata of 



Regel HiME-HiGOTAi. Biennial; stems 30-150 cm. long, 



puberulent, winged or wingless; radical and lower cauline 

 leaves petiolate, oblong to narrowly so or elliptic, 12-18 cm. 

 long, pinnadparted, the segments 6-10 pairs, lanceolate, puber- 

 ulent on both sides, densely glandular-dotted beneath; heads 

 many; involucres broadly campanulate, 11-13 mm. long, 10-14 

 mm. wide; bracts 6- or 7-seriate, with a lobulate scarious apical 

 appendage, the outer ovate, the median narrowly oblong, the 



inner linear; corollas purplish, 11-13 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. 



Grassy slopes in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, 

 Kyushu. Korea, Sakhalin, Manchuria, and e. Siberia. 



2. Saussurea japonica (Thunb.) DC. Serratula japon- 

 ica Thunb.; S. amara var. Integra DC; S. scabra Less.; S. 

 taquetii Lev. & Van't.; S. pulchella var. japonica (Thunb.) 



Herd. Hina-higotai. Biennial herb; stems 50-150 cm. 



long, striate, loosely glandular-puberulent; radical leaves long- 

 petiolate, oblong, 20-35 cm. long, gradually narrowed at both 

 ends, usually pinnatifid, sometimes undivided, the terminal 

 lobes oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, the lateral lobes 7 or 8 pairs, 

 narrowly oblong, usually pinnately lobulate, glandular-puberu- 

 lent on both sides; cauline leaves gradually reduced; heads 

 many; involucres tubular, 8.5-12.5 mm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, 

 cobwebby, the bracts 6-seriate, rounded, with a scarious apical 



appendage; corollas purplish, 10-14 mm. long. Oct.-Nov. 



Grassy slopes in lowlands and mountains; Kyushu. Korea, 



Manchuria, China, and Formosa. 



3. Saussurea chionophylla Takeda. Yukiba-higotai. 

 Small perennial herb, 4-10 cm. high; stems simple, densely 

 white-cobwebby; radical and lower cauline leaves coriaceous, 

 persistent at anthesis, spreading, petiolate, ovate to broadly so, 

 4-8.5 cm. long, cordate to truncate at base, mucronate-toothed, 

 cobwebby above while young, densely white-woolly beneath; 

 median and upper leaves few, truncate to cuneate at base; 

 heads in corymbs, in groups of 5-11; involucres campanulate, 

 12-14 mm. long, 10-12 mm. wide, cobwebby; bracts 5-seriate, 

 the outer ovate, about half as long as the inner, mucronate, 

 the inner linear, acuminate; receptacles naked; corollas pur- 

 plish, 11-12 mm. long; achenes 5.5-6.5 mm. long. Aug. 



Alpine; Hokkaido (Mount Yubari). 



4. Saussurea tobitae Kitam. Shinano-t6-hiren. 



Stems 60-70 cm. long, nearly terete, purplish, mealy-puberu- 

 lent; lower cauline leaves chartaceous, deltoid to elongate- 

 deltoid, 10-13 cm. long, caudate, truncate to subcordate at 

 base, toothed, loosely pubescent on both sides, the petioles nar- 

 rowly winged; median and upper leaves many, gradually 

 smaller, the uppermost leaves oblong to linear-lanceolate; 

 heads rather many, in loose corymbs, very short pedicellate; 

 involucres globose, about 11 mm. wide, more or less cob- 

 webby; bracts 4-seriate, the outer ovate, mucronate-acuminate, 

 sometimes shortly recurved, black-tinged, the inner linear, 



acuminate; corollas about 11 mm. long. ^Aug. Honshu 



(Kirigamine in Shinano Prov.). Possibly a hybrid of S. tan- 

 a\ae and S. triptera. 



5. Saussurea franchetii Koidz. Miyama-kita-azami. 

 Stems 50-70 cm. long, narrowly winged, densely brownish 

 puberulent in upper part; lower and median cauline leaves 

 cordate, 6-11 cm. long, mucronate-acuminate, cordate, abruptly 

 mucronate-toothed, puberulent above, hairy along the nerves 

 beneath, decurrent, petiolate; upper leaves gradually reduced, 

 broadly ovate to lanceolate; heads in groups of 5-8, corym- 

 bose; involucres globose, about 13 mm. long and as wide; 

 bracts 5-seriate, cobwebby, the outer and median herbaceous, 

 as long as the inner, oblong to narrowly so, acuminate, the 

 median and inner white-woolly on back, spreading above, the 

 inner linear, blackish purple, appressed-puberulent; corollas 

 purplish, about 11 mm. long. Aug. Alpine regions; Hon- 

 shu (n. distr.). 



6. Saussurea brachycephala Franch. Iwate-higotai. 

 Stems 19-70 cm. long, narrowly winged, puberulent, the 

 branches densely brown-puberulent on upper portion; radical 

 and lower cauline leaves broadly to narrowly ovate, mucronate- 

 acuminate, rarely obtuse, hastate or cordate at base, denticulate, 

 brown-puberulent on both sides, usually long winged-petio- 

 late; median and upper leaves gradually reduced, decurrent; 

 heads few, in corymbs, short-pedicelled; involucres cam- 

 panulate, about 16 mm. long and as wide, cobwebby, densely 

 brown-puberulent; bracts 5-seriate, the outer slightiy more 

 than half the length of the inner, ovate-lanceolate, acute, 

 erect, about 4 mm. wide at base, the median lanceolate, acumi- 

 nate, as long as the inner; corollas purplish, 11-12 mm. long. 

 Aug.-Sept. Alpine; Honshu (n. distr.). 



7. Saussurea nikoensis Fr. & Sav. S. tana\ae var. phyl- 

 lolepis Maxim.; S. tana\ae var. intermedia Matsum. & Koidz.; 

 S. grandijolia var. nil^^oensis (Fr. & Sav.) Koidz.; S. sil{p\iana 

 var. intermedia (Matsum. & Koidz.) Nakai. Shirane- 



