CoMPOSITA£ 



917 



short-petiolate; heads few or often solitary, on slender pedicels; 

 involucres tubular, 9-10 mm. long, 6-8 mm. wide, cobwebby; 

 bracts 6-seriate, sometimes purplish toward the margin, the 

 outer short, acuminate, ovate, the median narrowly oblong, 

 rounded, the inner linear, acute; corollas pale purple, about 



10 mm. long. Aug. Alpine regions; Honshu (centr. and 



n. distr.). 



19. Saussurea spinulifera Franch. Toge-kiku-azami. 

 Stems 40-70 cm. long, puberulent, winged, branched on upper 

 portion; radical and lower cauline leaves long-petiolate, ovate 

 or deltoid-ovate, acuminate, mucronate, hastate to cordate or 

 cuneate at base, mealy-puberulent above, short-pubescent on 

 the veinlets, pinnately lobed at periolar end, the median and 

 upper leaves gradually smaller, short-petiolate, broadly ovate 

 to lanceolate, hastate to cuneate at base; heads many, loosely 

 arranged, long-pedicellate; involucres tubular, 12-14 mm. long, 

 5-7 mm. wide, cobwebby, purplish; bracts 4-seriate, imbricate, 

 the outer ovate to narrowly so, about !4 as long as the inner, 

 the median oblong, mucronately callose-tipped, the inner lin- 

 ear, acuminate; corollas 11.5 mm. long. Sept.-Oct. Woods 



in mountains; Honshu (Sagami, Suruga, and Kai Prov.). 



20. Saussurea yoshinagae Kitam. S. nipponica subsp. 



yoshinagae (Kitam.) Kitam. Tosa-t6-hiren. Stems 55- 



65 cm. long, densely crisped-puberulent; radical leaves charta- 

 ceous, rosulate, ovate, oblong to narrowly so, 7-12 cm. long, 

 3.5-7 cm. wide, acute, mucronate, cordate or truncate at base, 

 winged-petiolate, sometimes sinuately lobulate at the petiolar 

 end, mucronate-toothed, mealy-puberulent on both sides, the 

 cauline leaves gradually becoming smaller, short-petiolate to 

 sessile, ovate to lanceolate; heads few, rarely racemose; in- 

 volucres campanulate, about 15 mm. long, 15-17 mm. wide; 

 bracts 6-seriate, the outer oblong-lanceolate, 3-3.5 mm. long, 

 acute, the median lanceolate, acute, green, often spreading, 

 brown-pubescent on back, the inner linear, acuminate, pur- 

 plish; corollas purpli.sh, 11-13 mm. long. Sept.-Oct. Shi- 



koku. 



21. Saussurea nipponica Miq. S. yamatensis Honda 

 Odai-t6-hiren. Stems 50-100 cm. long, slender, mealy- 

 puberulent in upper portion, narrowly winged; radical and 

 lower cauline leaves long-petiolate, narrowly to broadly ovate, 

 12-18 cm. long, acuminate, mucronate, cordate at base, obso- 

 letely mucronate-toothed, mealy-puberulent above and on vein- 

 lets beneath, the median leaves shallowly cordate to cuneate 

 at base, narrowly decurrent, the upper leaves much reduced; 

 heads 7-15, campanulate, short-pedicellate; involucres tubular, 

 10-14 mm. long, 7-14 mm. wide; bracts 5-seriate, densely 

 gray-pubcrulent on back, the outer about K as long as the in- 

 ner, lanceolate to ovate, acute, shordy recurved at tip, the 

 inner linear, acuminate; corollas purplish, 10-13 mm. long. 



Aug.-Oct. Woods in mountains; Honshu (Kinki Distr.), 



Shikoku. Very variable. 



Var. kiushiana (Franch.) Ohwi. S. l^itis/nana Franch.; S. 

 higomontana Honda; S. ya\ushimcnsis Masam.; S. nipponica 



subsp. {{iushiana (Franch.) Kitam. Tsukushi-to-hiren. 



Stems stout; leaves broader, thicker, broadly ovate to subrcni- 

 form, usually broadly decurrent on the stem; involucres 13-17 

 mm. long. Kyushu. 



V^ar. kurosawae (Kitam.) Ohwi. S. \urosawae Kitam.; 



S. nipponica subsp. \urosawac (Kitam.) Kitam. Abe-t6- 



HiREN. Stems broadly winged; leaves thinner; involucres 

 about 10 mm. long; outer involucral bracts broadly ovate, the 

 median elliptic. Honshu (Suruga Prov.). 



Var. muramatsui (Kitam.) Ohwi. 5. muramatsui Kitam.; 



S. nipponica subsp. muramatsui (Kitam.) Kitam. Toga- 



niGoTAi. Lower leaves cordate, the petioles often broadly 

 winged; heads erect, densely corymbose, terminal on the 

 branches; outer and median involucral bracts linear-lanceolate, 

 prominently recurved. Honshu (n. distr., Japan Sea side). 



Var. holcurokuensis (Kitam.) Ohwi. S. nipponica subsp. 



ho\urokjtensis Kitam. Hokuroku-t6-hiren. Involucres 



glabrous on upper portion, the bracts rather shorter; petioles 



and stems prominently winged. Honshu (Hokuriku or 



fapan Sea side). 



Var. robusta (Makino) Ohwi. S. nipponica subsp. si\p1ij- 

 ana (Makino) Kitam.; S. si}{p\iana Makino; S. tana\ae var. 

 robusta Makino; S. nipponica var. sikokjana (Makino) Ohwi 



O-To-HiREN. Stems stout, with wings often to 2 cm. 



wide; petioles often winged; involucres 15-16 mm. long, the 

 bracts larger, the outer broadly ovate, the median elliptic, long 

 recurved-tipped. High mountains; Shikoku. 



Var. sendaica (Franch.) Ohwi. S. nipponica subsp. scn- 

 daica (Franch.) Kitam.; S. lanal{ae var. sendaica Franch.; 5. 

 ni/^oensis subsp. sendaica (Franch.) Kitam.; S. sugimurae 



Honda; S. tana}{ae var. crinita Franch. Nambu-t6-hiren. 



Radical leaves broadly ovate or deltoid-ovate, 10-16 cm. long, 

 loosely pubescent on upper side; involucres 15-18 mm. long, 

 cobwebby, the bracts 7- or 8-seriate, recurved on upper half, the 



outer shorter than the median. Honshu (Kanto and n. 



distr.). 



Var. savatieri (Franch.) Ohwi. S. nipponica subsp. savati- 

 eri Kitam.; S. triptera var. savatieri Franch.; S. nipponica var. 

 ni\oensis Nakai; S. sinuatoides var. serrata Nakai; S. tsu\u- 



bensis Nakai Asama-higotai. Stems slender; involucral 



bracts narrower, long-acuminate. Honshu (Kanto Distr. 



and ne. Shinano Prov.). 



Var. glabrescens (Nakai) Kitam. S. sawadae Kitam.; S. 

 sinuatoides var. glabrescens Nakai Kintoki-higotai. Me- 

 dian leaves ovate, undulately lobulate or lobed; heads 1-3, 

 terminal; involucres cobwebby. Honshu (Hakone). 



22. Saussurea amabilis Kitam. S. obvallata Nakai, non 



Wall, ex C. B. Clarke Koshu-higotai. Stems 40-60 cm. 



long, wingless, sparingly branched; radical leaves long-pedo- 

 late, oblong, 8-25 cm. long, acute, hastate at base, mucronate- 

 toothed, pale bluish green beneath, short appressed-puberulent 

 on both sides, the median and upper leaves gradually becoming 

 smaller, short-petiolate or sessile, oblong-lanceolate to lanceo- 

 late, gradually acuminate, hastate to cuneate at base; heads 2 or 

 3, the short peduncles glandular and puberulent, often bracte- 

 ate; involucres campanulate, about 17 mm. long, 18-20 mm. 

 wide; bracts 7-seriate, die outer and median somewhat shorter 

 than the inner, lanceolate, about 3 mm. wide, acuminate, 

 cobwebby, glandular and short-puberulent on back, long re- 

 curved on upper half, the inner linear, acuminate; corollas 



purplish, 12.5-14 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. Rocky cliffs in 



mountains; Honshu (w. Kanto Distr. and Kai Prov.). 



Forma pinnatiloba Kitam. Kireba-koshiu-higotai. Leaves 

 pinnately lobed on lower half. 



23. Saussurea sinuatoides Nakai. S. sinuata forma ja- 



ponica Nakai Takao-higotai. Stems slender, 35-60 cm. 



long, hairy; radical and lower cauline leaves long-petiolate, 

 ovate to broadly so, 7-1 1 cm. long, mucronate-acuminate, 

 cordate at base, deeply sinuate, irregularly mucronate-toothed, 

 puberulent on both sides, the cauline gradually becoming 

 smaller above, short-petiolate or sessile, cordate to cuneate at 



