918 



COMPOSITAE 



base; heads in racemes or loose corymbs, pedicelled; involu- 

 cres campanulate, 17-18 mm. long, densely cobwebby; bracts 7- 

 seriate, acuminate, the outer about half as long as the inner, 

 lanceolate, recurved on upper half, the inner membranous; 



corollas purplish, 13-14 mm. long. Sept.-Oct. Woods in 



mountains; Honshu (Musashi and Sagami Prov.). 



24. Saussurea pennata Koidz. Miyama-t6-hiren. 

 Stems slender, 30-40 cm. long, glabrous; lovi'er and median 

 cauline leaves chartaceous, sometimes elongate-deltoid, 7-9 cm. 

 long, long-acuminate, sagittate or rarely truncate at base, de- 

 current, mucronate-toothed, ciliolate, puberulent above and on 

 veinlets beneath, the upper leaves gradually smaller, short- 

 petiolate or sessile, ovate-oblong to lanceolate, truncate to 

 cuneate at base; heads few, in loose corymbs, with slender pedi- 

 cels; involucres tubular, 12-13 mm. long, 8-10 mm. wide, the 

 bracts 6-seriate, loosely cobwebby, the outer lanceolate or ovate- 

 lanceolate, acuminate, recurved in upper half, nearly glabrous, 

 tlie inner membranous, linear, acute; corollas purplish, 12 mm. 

 long. July-Sept. Honshu (Yamato Prov.), Shikoku. 



25. Saussurea maximowiczii Herd. Miyako-azami. 

 Stems 50-150 cm. long, wingless, loosely short-pubescent, 

 glandular-dotted; radical and lower cauline leaves long-petio- 

 late, large, oblong, 11-30 cm. long, acute or cuspidate, cuneate 

 at base, pinnately parted, the lateral segments 4 to 6 pairs, ob- 

 lanceolate, mucronate, entire to irregularly sinuate-incised, the 

 terminal segments short-pubescent on both sides, often loosely 

 glandular-dotted beneath, the cauline leaves gradually smaller 

 toward tip, oblong to lanceolate, entire to pinnatiparted, short- 

 petiolate or sessile, semiclasping; heads many, in loose corymbs, 

 on slender pedicels; involucres narrowly tubular, 10-14 mm. 

 long, about 6 mm. wide, cobwebby; bracts 8-seriate, the inner 

 gradually longer, broadly linear, obtuse, the outer very short, 

 ovate, the median oblong, ending in a callose tip; corollas pur- 

 plish, 11-13 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. Grassy places in moun- 

 tains; Honshu, Kyushu. Korea, Manchuria, and Amur. 



26. Saussurea insularis Kitam. Shima-to-hiren. 

 Stems about 50 cm. long, cobwebby; lower cauline leaves 

 chartaceous, long-petiolate, deltoid-ovate, 9-10 cm. long, 7.5-10 

 cm. wide, subcaudately acuminate, sagittate-cordate at base, ir- 

 regularly mucronate-dentate, loosely pubescent above, cob- 

 webby beneath while young, the upper leaves gradually be- 

 coming smaller, densely whitish cobwebby; heads in loose 

 corymbs, short-pedicelled; involucres campanulate, about 11 

 mm. long and as wide, cobwebby; bracts 7-seriate, the outer 

 deltoid, about 2 rrun. long, obtuse, mucronate, appressed, the 

 inner linear, acute, densely cobwebby; corollas about 11 mm. 

 long. Sept. Mountains; Kyushu (Tsushima). 



27. Saussurea tanakae Fr. & Sav. S. tana\ae var. pycno- 



lepis Franch. Seitaka-t6-hiren, Aki-no-yahazd-azami. 



Stems 70-100 cm. long, puberulent; lower cauline leaves char- 

 taceous, cordate to cordate-deltoid, 8-15 cm. long, cuspidate, 

 cordate to truncate at base, toothed, puberulent on both sides, 

 the petioles sometimes winged, decurrent, the upper leaves 

 gradually becoming smaller, ovate or oblong, acute, rounded 

 at base, entire, sessile; heads in racemes or rarely sub- 

 corymbose; involucres campanulate, about 17 mm. long, 12-15 

 mm. wide, densely silky-woolly; bracts 9-seriate, imbricate, the 

 outer short, broadly ovate, obtuse, mucronate, much shorter 

 than the inner, the median oblong, obtuse, the inner linear, 



acute, membranous; corollas purplish, about 13 mm. long. 



Sept.-Oct. Grassy places in mountains; Honshu. Korea. 



Hybrids are: Saussurea X mirabilis Kitam. K6shu-t6-hi- 

 REN. (5. kjrigaminensis X S. tanakae) ; Saussurea X rara 

 Kitam. Kai-t6-hiren. {S. amabilis X S. tana\ae); Saus- 

 surea X karuizawensis Hara {S. tanakae X S. ussuriensis) ; 

 Saussurea X satowii Kitam. Ongata-higotai. (5. sinu- 

 atoides X S. tuna\ae). 



56. SERRATULA L. Tamura-so Zoku 



Erect, often branched perennial herbs; leaves alternate, pinnately parted, toothed, not spiny; involucres campanulate, the 

 bracts many-seriate, the outer gradually shorter, broad, acuminate, short spine-tipped; receptacle densely setose; florets of outer 

 row sterile, filiform, the corollas deeply 3- to 5-lobed, the central florets fertile, the corollas tubular, 5-lobed; filaments mam- 

 millate; anthers sagittate; style branches slender, with a tuft of hairs at base; achenes glabrous, terete, truncate at apex, gradu- 

 ally narrowed at base, obliquely attached; pappus-brisdes many, unequal in length, scaberulous. ^Many species in the N. Hemi- 

 sphere. 



1. Serratula coronata L. var. insularis (Iljin) Kitam. 

 S. insularis Iljin; S. koreana Iljin, pro parte; S. coronata sensu 



auct. Japon., non L. Tamura-so. Rhizomes creeping, 



woody; stems 30-140 cm. long, striate, usually pubescent; 

 lower and radical leaves long-petiolate, ovate-oblong, pinnately 

 parted, the segments 6 or 7 pairs, oblong, acute, narrowly cune- 

 ate at base, irregularly toothed, white-puberulent on both sides, 

 the upper leaves smaller, short-petiolate or sessile; heads erect. 



long-pedunculate; involucres campanulate, 20-27 mm. long, 

 yellow-green to purplish, slightly cobwebby; bracts 7-seriate, 

 the outer lanceolate or broadly so, the median and inner 

 acuminate, spine-ripped, the inner narrowly lanceolate, scari- 

 ous; corollas pale rose-purple; achenes about 6 mm. long, 1.5 

 mm. wide; pappus 11-14 mm. long. Sept.-Oct. Moun- 

 tains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea. The typical 



phase occurs in Korea, Manchuria, and Siberia. 



57. SYNURUS Iljin Yama-bokuchi Zoku 



Large branched perennials; leaves alternate, ovate or ovate-elliptic, petiolate, incised-toothed to pinnately cleft, mucronate- 

 toothed; heads large, nodding in anthesis; involucres globose or globose-campanulate, large, the bracts many-seriate, acuminate, 

 entire, the outer gradually smaller and recurved, the inner erect; receptacle densely setose; florets dark purple or yellowish to 

 whitish; style 2-fid, the branches erect, obtuse, with a tuft of hairs at base; anther appendages connate around the filaments; 

 achenes oblong, glabrous, truncate at apex, many-ribbed; pappus-bristles unequal in lengtii, slightly scabrous. e. Asia, Si- 

 beria, and Mongolia. 



