Compos iTAE 



919 



lA. Narrow part of corolla-tube slightly shorter than to as long as the otlier part; leaves deltoid, hastate at base; involucral bracts 2 to 3 



mm. wide 1.5. excelstis 



IB. Narrow part of corolla-tube much shorter than the other part. 



2A. Involucral bracts needle-like 2. 5. palmatopinnatifidtis 



2B. Involucral bracts linear to lanceolate 3. 5. ptingens 



1. Synurus excelsus (Makino) Kitam. Serratula excelsa about 6 mm. long, about 2.5 mm. wide, glabrous, toothed; 



(Makino) Makino; S. atriplicijolia var. excelsa Makino pappus brownish, about 20 mm. long, rather unequal in 



Haba-yama-bokuchi. Rhizomes stout; stems stout, 1-2 m. length. Oct. Mountains; Honshu (Kinki Distr. and 



long, purplish, cobwebby, branched in upper portion; lower westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea. 



cauline leaves long-petiolate, deltoid, 10-20 cm. long, acute, Var. indivisus Kitam. Serratula deltoides Makino, excl. 



mucronate, hastate at base, irregularly incised, mucronate- syn.; S. atriplicijolia sensu Makino, non Bcnth. Yama- 



toothed, green above, densely white-woolly beneath, the upper bokuchi. Leaves undivided. Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 



leaves gradually smaller, ovate-deltoid, truncate to cuneate at shu. Korea. 



base, short-petiolate to sessile; heads rather congested, on 3. Synurus pungens (Fr. & Sav.) Kitam. Rhaponticum 



stout peduncles; involucres globose, transversely cobwebby, ptingens Fr. & Sav.; Serratula pungens Fr. & Sav.; 5. atriplici- 



about 3 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide; bracts many-seriate, the outer jolia var. pungens (Fr. & Sav.) Makino O-yama-bokuchi. 



gradually smaller, linear-lanceolate, the median 2-3 mm. wide; Rhizomes ascending to creeping; stems 1-1.5 m. long, stout, 



florets dark-purple; achenes about 6 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, purplish, slighdy cobwebby; lower cauline leaves long-petio- 



toothed; pappus about 20 mm. long, brownish. Sept.-Oct. late, ovate-oblong or ovate, sometimes broadly ovate, 15-35 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. cm. long, acute, mucronate, deeply cordate at base, incised 



2. Synurus palmatopinnatifidus (Makino) Kitam. mucronate-toothed, white or sometimes reddish woolly-tomen- 

 Serralula deltoides var. palmatopinnatifida Makino; 5. palm- tose beneath, the upper leaves smaller, short-petiolate or ses- 



atopinnatifida (Makino) Kitam. Kikuba-yama-bokuchi. sile, ovate, cordate to rounded at base; heads nodding; involu- 



Rhizomatous; stems 70-100 cm. long, cobwebby, purphsh; cres campanulate-globose, about 3 cm. long, 3.5^.5 cm. wide, 



lower cauline leaves long-petiolate, ovate or ovate-oblong, 15- dark purple; bracts many-seriate, acuminate, spine-tipped, the 



23 cm. long, acute, mucronate, usually deeply cordate at base, outer gradually smaller, the median linear-lanceolate, 1.5-2 



palmately pinnatifid, the segments oblong or lanceolate, acute, mm. wide, the inner erect, linear; corollas purplish; achenes 



irregularly mucronate-toothed or denticulate, green above, about 6 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; pappus-brisries brownish, 



white-tomentose beneath, the upper leaves smaller, short-peti- unequal in length, about 16 mm. long. Sept.-Oct. Hok- 



olate or sessile, truncate to cuneately rounded at base; involu- kaido (sw. distr.), Honshu (centr. and n. distr.). 



cres globose-campanulate, about 26 mm. long, 3-4 cm. wide, Var. giganteus Kitam. Oni-yama-bokuchi. Heads 



loosely cobwebby; bracts many-seriate, needlelike, spine-tipped, larger; pappus brisdes to 21 mm. long. Honshu (centr. 



the outer recurved, the inner erect, 1.5 mm. wide; achenes distr.). 



58. ECHINOPS L. 



Hicotai Zoku 



Large stout perennial herbs; leaves alternate, pinnately lobed to divided, spiny; heads 1-fllowered, sessile, densely congested in 

 compound globose heads; involucral bracts many-seriate, the outer needlelike, the median spathulate, awned, the inner narrowly 

 rhomboid or oblong, short-awned; florets all fertile; corollas tubular, deeply 5-lobed, broader part of the tube short; style- 

 branches relatively thick, erect, mammillate on back, thickened and papillose-puberulent below the middle; achenes densely 

 hairy; pappus crownlike, the brisdes many, short, scalelike. s. Europe and S. Africa, few in Asia and tropical Africa. 



1. Echinops setifer Iljin. E. sphaerocephalus sensu 

 auct. Japon., non L.; E. dahuricus sensu auct. Japon., non 



Fisch. Hicotai. Stems stout, about 1 m. long, densely 



white-villous, slighdy branched in upper part, deeply striate at 

 base; radical leaves long-petiolate, about 20 cm. long, pinnately 

 parted, the segments acuminate, short spine-margined, slighdy 

 cobwebby above, white-woolly beneath, decurrent, the cauline 



leaves oblong, 15-25 cm. long, acuminate, sessile, pinnately 

 lobed; heads sessile, very many, densely congested in a com- 

 pound globose head, about 5 cm. across; involucres 14-21 mm. 

 long, 4-5 mm. wide, the bracts 16-18; florets blue; achenes 

 terete, densely brownish hairy. Aug.-Sept. Low moun- 

 tains; Honshu (Mino, Bingo Prov.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Korea. 



59. LAPSANA L. Yabu-tabira-ko Zoku 



Annual or biennial herbs; leaves alternate, coarsely toothed to pinnate; heads small, in loose panicles, the peduncles often 

 long; involucres cylindric-campanulate; outer involucral bracts few, small, the inner 1-seriate, nearly alike; receptacle flat, gla- 

 brous; flowers all ligulate, the corollas truncate, 5-toothed, yellow; achenes oblong, often slighdy flattened, many-ribbed, 

 rounded at apex, narrowed at base, glabrous; pappus absent. About 10 species, in temperate regions of the Old World. 



lA. Involucres ovoid to ovoid-globose; achenes oblong, about 2.5 mm. long, without appendages at apex, distinctly shorter than the in- 

 volucres \, L. humilis 



IB. Involucres ellipsoidal or oblong; achenes oblong-lanceolate, 4-4.5 mm. long, with 2 short hornlike appendages at apex, nearly as long 

 as the involucres 2. L. apogonoides 



