920 



COMPOSITAE 



1. Lapsana humilis (Thunb.) Makino. Prenanthes 



humilis Thunb.; L. part/i flora A. Gray ^Yabu-taeira-ko. 



Sparingly pubescent biennial; radical leaves tufted, petiolate, 

 5-15 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, lyrately pinnatiparted, the 

 terminal segments largest, rounded at apex; scapiform stems 

 ascending, 10-30 cm. long, few-leaved, branched, several- 

 headed; heads small, nodding in fruit; involucres about 4.5 

 mm. long, ovoid to ovoid-globose, the inner bracts 7 or 8, 

 broadly lanceolate; achenes oblong, about 2.5 mm. long, red- 

 brown, slightly flattened, ribbed on both sides. Riverbanks, 



paddy fields, cultivated fields, and thickets in lowlands; Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. 



X Lapsoyoungia musashiensis (Hiyama) Hiyama. Lap- 

 sana musashiensis Hiyama Oni-yabu-tabira-ko. A bi- 



generic hybrid of Lapsana humilis X Youngia japonica. 



Honshu (Kanto Distr.). 



2. Lapsana apogonoides Maxim. Ko-oni-tabira-ko. 

 Resembles L. humilis; biennial sparingly pilose herb; radical 

 leaves tufted, 4-10 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, petiolate, lyrately 

 pinnatiparted, usually obtuse, mucronate, the terminal seg- 

 ments large; scapiform stems ascending, 10-25 cm. long, few- 

 leaved, the several heads in loose corymbs; heads nodding in 

 fruit; involucres about 4.5 mm. long, as long as to slightly 

 longer than the achenes, ellipsoidal or oblong; inner involucral 

 bracts oblong-lanceolate; achenes pale yellow-brown, flattened, 

 3-angled, minutely mammillate, oblong-lanceolate, 4-4.5 mm. 



long, ribbed, with 2 short hornlike appendages at apex. 



Apr.-June. Riverbanks, cultivated fields, and thickets in low- 

 lands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. ^Korea and 



China. 



60. HYPOCHOERIS L. 



Ogon-so Zoku 



Perennials, rarely annuals or biennials; radical leaves tufted, entire to pinna tifid; stems scapiform and bracteate or slightly 

 branched and leafy; heads relatively large, on long peduncles, yellow; involucres oblong-cylindric or campanulate, the bracts 

 many-seriate, imbricate, the outer gradually smaller; receptacle flat, scaly (paleaceous); corolla ligulate, truncate and toothed at 

 apex; achenes oblong or linear, lO-ribbed, sometimes flattened, truncate and toothed at apex, slightly narrowed at base; pappus- 

 bristles 1-seriate, plumose. About 50 species, chiefly in temperate regions, especially abundant in S. America. 



1. Hypochoeris crepidioides (Miyabe & Kudo) Tatew. 

 & Kitam. Picris crepidioides Miyabe & Kudo; Achyrophorus 



crepidioides (Miyabe & Kudo) Kitag. Ezo-k6zori-na. 



Perennial with sparse coarse hairs; stems 15-40 cm. long, 

 simple, few-leaved at base; radical leaves few, oblong-lanceolate 

 to oblong-spathulate, 8-13 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, obtuse, ir- 

 regularly toothed, the lower cauline leaves similar to the radi- 

 cal, the upper oblong, sessile, rather small, clasping; heads soli- 

 tary, about 5 mm. across, yellow; involucral bracts many, black- 

 ish, the outer ovate-oblong, elongate-linear, about 7 mm. long, 

 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, with coarse black and short white-woolly 



hairs, the innermost membranous, 2.2 cm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; 

 achenes linear-lanceolate, 1-1.3 cm. long, beaked, rugose; pap- 

 pus sordid-white, plumose, the bristles about 1 cm. long. 



July. Alpine regions; Hokkaido (Mount Apoi). 

 Hypochoeris ciliata (Thunb.) Makino. Arnica ciliata 



Thunb.; H. grandiflora Ledeb. Ogon-so. Perennial with 



few-leaved stems; leaves hispid on midrib beneath and on 

 margin; involucral bracts glabrous, 4-6 mm. wide at base; 



achenes beakless. Rarely cultivated in our area. ^Korea and 



e. Asia. 



61. SCORZONERA L. Futanami-so Zoku 



Perennial, rarely annual or biennial herbs often with woolly hairs; leaves alternate, entire to pinnate; heads relatively large, 

 long-pedunculate; involucres tubular or campanulate, the bracts many-seriate, imbricate, the outer gradually smaller; receptacle 

 flat or alveolate, rarely hairy; corollas ligulate, yellow, truncate, 5-toodied; achenes linear, terete, or angled, rarely winged, nar- 

 rowed at tip; pappus-bristles many-seriate, unequal in length, toothed or plumose. About 100 species, in Europe, N. Africa, 



and Asia. 



1. Scorzonera rebunensis Tatew. & Kitam. S. radiata 

 sensu auct. Japon., non Fisch.; S. radiata forma humilis Koidz. 



Futanami-s6. Perennial herb with stout rhizomes, 



densely covered with brownish marcescent leaves at base; 

 scapiform stems simple, 10-20 cm. long, with few scalelike 

 leaves, short-pubescent above; radical leaves tufted, glabrous, 

 oblanceolate or spathulate, 3-nerved, acute, as long as to 



shorter than the stems; heads solitary, relatively large, erect; 

 involucral bracts narrowly scarious-margined, glabrous, rather 

 fleshy; corollas ligulate, yellow, the tube puberulent; achenes 

 glabrous; pappus white, the bristles elongate, some scabrous 



and some short-plumose. July-Aug. Hokkaido (Rebun 



Isl.). 



62. PICRIS L. KozoRi-NA Zoku 



Erect branched herbs usually hispid or coarsely hirsute on stems and leaves; leaves radical and cauline; heads pedunculate; 

 involucres ovoid-urceolate or campanulate, the inner bracts 1-seriate, nearly equal, the outer many; receptacles flat, short-pilose; 

 corollas ligulate, yellow, truncate, 5-toothed; achenes linear or oblong, sometimes angled, 5- to 10-ribbed, rather abrupdy nar- 

 rowed at apex, sometimes beaked; pappus usually in a single series, plumose, sometimes also with an outer series of smaller 

 unbranched bristles. About 40 species, in Europe, Asia, and N. Africa. 



1. Picris hieracioides L. var. glabrescens (Regel) P. hieracioides subsp. japonica (Thunb.) Krylov K6zori-na. 



Ohwi. P. japonica Thunb.; P. japonica var. glabrescens Biennial brownish red hispid herb; stems terete, 30-80 cm. 



Regel; P. flexuosa Thunb.; P. hieracioides var. japonica long, leafy, often branched; lower and radical leaves oblanceo- 



(Thunb.) Regel; P. hieracioides sensu auct. Japon., non L.; late, 6-15 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, mucronate or acutely 



