COMPOSITAE 921 



toothed, subobtuse, gradually narrowed to a petiolelike base, Var. akaishiensis Kitam. P. japonica var. akaishicnsis 

 the median cauline leaves sessile, the upper ones iinear-lanceo- (Kitam.) Ohwi Akaishi-kozori-na. Leaves linear- 

 late, sometimes semiclasping; heads 2-2.5 cm. across, yellow; lanceolate; heads smaller; involucral bracts less hispid. 



involucres green, often slighdy black-tinged, the inner bracts Honshu (centr. distr.). 



linear-lanceolate, 8-12 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. wide, hispid Var. mayebarae (Kitam.) Ohwi. P. hieracioides subsp. 



and short-pubescent on back, the outer very short; achenes mayebarae Kitam.; P. japonica var. mayebarae (Kitam.) 



red-brown, narrowly fusiform, about 4 mm. long, longitudi- Ohwi. Higo-k6zori-na. Plants moderately hispid; in- 



nally ribbed, nearly beakless; pappus sordid-white, 7-8 mm. volucral bracts blackish green; corollas deep yellow. Flow- 

 long. May-Oct. Grassy places in lowlands and mountains; ering in late autumn; Kyushu (Higo Prov.). 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Sakhalin. Var. alpina Koidz. P. kamtschatica Ledeb; P. hieracioides 



Var. jessoensis (Tatew.) Ohwi. P. jessoends Tatew.; P. subsp. \amtschatica (Ledeb.) Hult. Kanchi-k6zori-na. 



hieracioides subsp. jessoensis (Tatew.) Kitam.; P. japonica Plant short, dark green, very hispid; involucres dark green, 



var. jessoensis (Tatew.) Ohwi Hosoba-k6zori-na. Plant the bracts prominently hispid; corollas deep yellow. Hok- 



less hispid; radical leaves rather prominent, the cauline narrow, kaido and alpine regions of Honshu (centr. and n. distr.). 



fewer; involucral bracts blackish green; corollas deep yellow. Kuriles, Kamchatka, and Aleutians. The typical phase occurs 

 Serpentine rocks in mountains; Hokkaido. in Eurasia; introduced in N. America. 



63. TARAXACUM Wiggers Tampopo Zoku 



Acaulescent perennial herbs; leaves radical, entire to pinnate; heads on a scape; involucres campanulate or oblong, the bracts 

 herbaceous, the innermost 1-seriate, elongate, the outer short, many-seriate, often reflexed at tip; receptacle flat, glabrous; corolla 

 ligulate, truncate, 5-toothed; achenes oblong or narrowly so, 4- or 5-angled or slighdy compressed, 10-ribbed, narrowed at base, 



beaked, often warty-tuberculate near base of beak; pappus-bristles simple, many, slender, unequal in length. Many species, in 



temperate to Arctic regions, especially abundant in the N. Hemisphere. 



1 A. Outer involucral bracts reflexed from the base; introduced 1 . T. officinale 



IB. Outer involucral bracts erect or ascending, not refle.xed; indigenous. 

 2A. Involucres dark green; corollas orange-yellow; alpine or boreal plants with dense usually brown scales on neck of caudex. 

 3A. Involucres small, 12-15 mm. long at anthesis. 



4A. Leaves pinnately divided, the sinus reaching the midrib, the terminal segments usually acuminate; outer involucral bracts 



oblong, not corniculate 2. T. yiiparense 



4B. Leaves pinnately cleft to parted, the sinus reaching part-way to the midrib, the terminal segments usually obtuse, rarely acute; 



outer involucral bracts ovate, corniculate 3. T. trigonolobum 



33. Involucres large, 15-21 mm. long at anthesis. 



5A. Outer involucral bracts very short, about Yi as long as the inner; leaves Ungulate, toothed or pinnately cleft to parted. 



4. T. yatstigalakense 

 5B. Outer involucral bracts half or more than half as long as the inner. 



6.\. Outer involucral bracts about half as long as the inner, with broad membranous margins 5. T. platypecidttm 



6B. Outer involucral bracts more than half as long as the inner. 



7A. Involucres pruinose, 15-18 mm. long, the outer bracts oblong to oblong-lanceolate, not corniculate, obsoletely membranous 



on margin d.T . alpicola 



7B. Involucres not pruinose, 17-19 mm. long, the outer bracts oblong to ovate-oblong, usually corniculate, distinctly mem- 

 branous on margin 7. T. shikptanense 



2B. Involucres bright to pale green; corollas yellow or white; lowland and mountain plants with few brown scales on neck of caudex. 

 8A. Corollas yellow; leaves and bracts green. 

 9A. Involucres 13-14 mm. long at anthesis. 



lOA. Outer involucral bracts less than half as long as the inner, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, corniculate or not. 



8. T. japoniciim 

 I OB. Outer involucral bracts about half to more than half as long as the inner. 

 1 1 A. Outer involucral bracts about half as long as the inner. 



I2A. Outer involucral bracts ovate to ovate-oblong, corniculate 9. T. kjiishianum 



12B. Outer involucral bracts oblong, usually not corniculate, rarely so 10. T. I^iizakfliense 



IIB. Outer Involucral bracts more than half as long as the inner II. T. variabile 



9B. Involucres 15-20 mm. long at anthesis. 



I3A. Outer involucral bracts less than half as long as the inner, broadly ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse; leaves pectinate. 



12. T. peclinaliim 

 I3B. Outer involucral bracts about half to more than half as long as the inner. 

 14A. Outer involucral bracts more than half as long as the inner. 



ISA. Outer involucral bracts blackish on back, ovate-lanceolate; achenes about 5 mm. long, I mm. wide. 



13. T. maruyamanum 

 I5B. Outer involucral bracts green. 



16A. Outer involucral bracts oblong, relatively short-corniculate 14. 7". sendaiciim 



16B. Outer involucral bracts oblong-lanceolate, long-corniculatc 15. T. longeappendicidatiim 



14B. Outer involucral bracts about half as long as the inner. 

 17A. Outer involucral bracts oblong or lanceolate. 



ISA. Outer involucral bracts small-corniculatc or not so 16. T. elaliim 



18B. Outer involucral bracts prominendy corniculate 17. T. ceraloUpis 



