922 



COMPOSITAE 



17B. Outer involucral bracts ovate or ovate-oblong. 



1 9 A. Outer involucral bracts usually prominently corniculate, green, ovate to lanceolate 18. T. platycarpum 



19B. Outer involucral bracts not corniculate or rarely slightly so. 



20A. Outer involucral bracts green 19. T. hondoense 



20B. Outer involucral bracts scarious, reddish at tip 20. T. arakii 



8B. Corollas white, rarely pale yellow; leaves and bracts pale green. 



21A. Scapes longer than the leaves; outer involucral bracts ovate-oblong, prominently corniculate 21. T. albidum 



2 IB. Scapes as long as or shorter than the leaves; outer involucral bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, small-corniculate or not so. 



22. T. shinanense 



1. Taraxacum ofiBcinale Weber. Leontodon taraxacum 6. Taraxacum alpicola Kitam. T. officinale var. livi- 



L. Seiyo-tampopo. Rather robust soft perennial; leaves dum sensu auct. Japon., non K. Koch; T. japonense Nakai; T. 



variously pinnatifid to deeply toothed, usually 20-30 cm. long, \urohimense H. Koidz.; T. toga\ushiense H. Koidz. Mi- 



2.5-5 cm. wide; heads rather large, 4-5 cm. across, clear yel- yama-tampopo, Tateyama-tampopo. Roots thickened; 



low, the outer involucral bracts usually narrowly lanceolate, leaves Ungulate, 15-30 cm. long, 4-6 cm. wide, obtuse or 



about half as long as the inner, not appendaged just below the rounded, pctiolelike at base, usually incised; scapes longer 



apex; achenes about 4 mm. long, more or less muricate. than the leaves at an thesis, loosely pubescent, villous under the 



Mar.-May. Naturalized around towns and cities. Intro- head; heads about 4 cm. across; involucres pruinose, 15-18 



duced from Europe. mm. long, the outer bracts erect, lanceolate-oblong or oblong, 



2. Taraxacum yuparense H. Koidz. T. officinale var. not corniculate, the inner 14-15 mm. long, linear-lanceolate; 



lividum subvar. dissectissimum Koidz. Takane-tampopo, achenes oblong-linear, 3.5-4 mm. long, slightly flattened, pale 



Yubari-tampopo. Leaves pinnately divided, the sinus reach- yellow-brown, with spinelike tubercles on upper part, smooth 



ing to the midrib, the segments acute to acuminate, acutely at base. July-Aug. Alpine regions; Honshu (centr. and n. 



toothed on upper margin, the petioles slender; scapes 20-45 distr.). 



cm. long; involucral bracts not corniculate, the outer oblong, Var. shiroumense (H. Koidz.) Kitam. T. shiroumense H. 



short-acuminate, appressed, scarious on margin, the innermost Koidz. Shirouma-tampopo. Involucral bracts usually 



lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acute; achenes prominendy 5- corniculate. Honshu (centr. distr.). 



or 6-ribbed, with rather large spinelike tubercles. Alpine 7. Taraxacum shikotanense Kitam. Shikotan-tam- 



regions; Hokkaido (Ishikari and HidakaProv.). popo, Nemuro-tampopo. Roots thick; leaves oblanceolate, 



3. Taraxacum trigonolobum Dahlst. T. chamissonis obtuse, gradually narrowed and petiolelike at base, pinnately 

 Greene, pro parte; T. yesoalpinum Nakai; T. livens H. Koidz.; lobed to cleft; heads large, about 5 cm. across; involucres 17-19 



T. crassicollum H. Koidz. Kumoma-tampopo. Roots mm. long, the outer bracts erect, oblong to ovate-oblong, nar- 



thickened; leaves rather thick, oblanceolate or spathulate-ob- rowed at tip and corniculate, dark purplish, distincdy mem- 

 lanceolate, pinnately cleft to parted, the sinus reaching part- branous on margin; achenes brown to pale yellow-brown, ob- 

 way to the midrib, the terminal segments usually obtuse; heads long, about 4 mm. long, 1.3 mm. wide, narrowed at tip, with 

 about 4 cm. across; outer involucral bracts appressed to dense spinelike tubercles on upper part, gradually less so 



slightly spreading, ovate or ovate-orbicular, small-corniculate, toward the base. July. Near seashores; Hokkaido. 



about half as long as the inner, the inner linear; achenes 4.5-5 Kuriles. 



mm. long, with spinelike tubercles. Alpine regions; Hok- 8. Taraxacum japonicum Koidz. T . \ansaiense ILoidT..; 



kaido (Ishikari Prov.). Kuriles, Kamchatka, Aleutians, and T. hitchuense H. Koidz.; T. liuhiuense H. Koidz.; T. okina- 



Alaska. wense H. Koidz. Kansai-tampopo, Kansei-tampopo. 



4. Taraxacum yatsugatakense H. Koidz. Yatsuga- Plant about 20 cm. high; leaves lyrate, pinnately cleft, obtuse, 

 take-tampopo. Plant about 25 cm. high; leaves suberect, acute or rounded, nearly glabrous; scapes few, slender, longer 

 oblanceolate, lingulate, toothed or pinnately cleft to parted; than the leaves at anthesis; heads 2-3 cm. across; outer in- 

 scapes white woolly-pubescent on upper part; heads 2.5-3 cm. volucral bracts 2-seriate, oblong, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 

 across; involucres rounded at base, the bracts not corniculate, obtuse, less than half as long as the inner, the inner linear- 

 the outer appressed, ovate or ovate-rounded, 1/3 as long as the lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 12-14 mm. long, cornicu- 

 inner, nearly glabrous on margin, the inner linear-lanceolate, late or sometimes not so; achenes about 5 mm. long, pale 



glabrous. Alpine regions; Honshu (Mount Yatsugatake in yellow-brown with spinelike tubercles on upper part. Hon- 



Shinano and in AkaishiMt. range). shu (Kinki Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. ^Ry- 



5. Taraxacum platypecidum Diels. T. otagirianum ukyus. 



Koidz.; T. imbricatum H. Koidz.; T. pruinosum H. Koidz.; 9. Taraxacum kiushianum H. Koidz. T. shi\o\ianum 



T. saxatile H. Koidz.; T. sugawarae H. Koidz.; T. k.oidzumii Kitam.; T. imaizumii H. Koidz.; T. japonicum var. macrolepis 



Nemoto; T. albomarginatum Kitam.; T. multisectum Kitag. H. Koidz. Tsukushi-tampopo. Leaves broadly oblanceo- 



Odasamu-tampopo. Roots thickened; leaves oblanceo- late, 10-30 cm. long, acute to obtuse, pinnatiparted; scapes 



late, 10-20 cm. long, 1-5 cm. wide, irregularly pinnatifid, the many, longer than the leaves at anthesis, loosely pubescent, 



petioles slightiy purplish; heads about 4 cm. across; outer in- villous toward the tip; heads 3-4 cm. across; outer involucral 



volucral bracts ovate to broadly so, about half as long as the bracts appressed, broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, corniculate, 



inner, sometimes small-corniculate, broadly membranous on the inner 1-1.4 cm. long, blackish on back; achenes slightly 



margin, white-pubescent on upper surface; achenes pale yel- flattened, brownish, 4-5 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide. 



low-brown, about 3.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, with spreading Shikoku, Kyushu (n. distr.). 



spinelike mbercles toward the tip. Alpine regions; Hok- 10. Taraxacum kuzakaiense Kitam. Kuzakai-tampo- 



kaido (Shiribeshi Prov.). Sakhalin, Korea, Manchuria, and po. Leaves linear-oblanceolate, loosely pubescent, 5-11 cm. 



China. long, 7-20 mm. wide, obmse to acute, irregularly pinnatisect; 



