924 



COMPOSITAE 



long, the outer bracts erect or appressed, many, ovate to 

 broadly so, obtuse, corniculate or not so, green, the inner 

 lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, blackish on back; achenes 

 slighriy flattened, obovate-oblong, 4-5 mm. long, brown, with 



spinelike tubercles. Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. and n. 



distr.). Forma alboflavescens H. Koidz. Usujiro-tam- 



popo. Corollas pale yellow. Forma rubicundum 



(Koidz.) H. Koidz. Beni-tampopo. Corollas reddish. 



20. Taraxacum arakii Kitam. T. albofimbnaturn H. 

 Koidz.; T. iyoense H. Koidz.; T. ara\ii var. ecorniculatum H. 

 Koidz. Yamazato-tampopo. Leaves ascending, linear- 

 lanceolate, to 30 cm. long, 4-5 cm. wide, obtuse, pinnately 

 cleft; scapes many, shorter dian to as long as the leaves at an- 

 thesis, cobwebby while young, villous under the head; involu- 

 cres about 18 mm. long, the outer bracts appressed, oblong- 

 ovate or ovate, caudate, corniculate or not so, scarious, 

 reddish at the tip, densely woolly on margin, green on midrib, 

 the inner linear-lanceolate, green, not corniculate, dark red- 

 dish at the tip; achenes pale yellow-brown or brownish, oblong- 

 fusiform, about 5 mm. long, with spinelike tubercles on upper 



part and warty-tubercles on lower part. Honshu (Kinki 



and Chugoku Distr.), Shikoku. 



21. Taraxacum albidum Dahlst. T. officinale var. albi- 

 florum Makino; T. albiflorum (Makino) Koidz.; T. hideoi 

 Nakai ex H. Koidz. Shirobana-tampopo. Leaves lanceo- 

 late to oblanceolate, 20-30 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, obtuse or 



subacute, pinnately parted to cleft; scapes usually longer, rarely 

 shorter than the leaves at anthesis, glabrous, white-pubescent 

 under the head; heads 3.5-4.5 cm. across; involucres 17-20 

 mm. long at anthesis, the outer bracts narrowly ovate-oblong, 

 ascending, prominently corniculate; achenes narrowly obovoid- 

 oblong, pale yellow-brown, with spinelike tubercles on upper 

 part and warty tubercles below except at the base, slightly 



flattened, about 4 mm. long. Honshu (Kanto, Tokaido, 



Kinki, and Chijgoku Distr.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Forma 



sulphureum (H. Koidz.) Kitam. T. albidum var. sulphur- 



eum H. Koidz. Kieana-shiro-tampopo. Corollas pale 



yellow. Honshu (Chugoku Distr.), Kyushu. 



22. Taraxacum shinanense H. Koidz. T. denudatum 

 H. Koidz.; T. nambuense H. Koidz.; T. shinanense var. 



nambuense (H. Koidz.) H. Koidz. Usugi-tampopo. 



Leaves tufted, spathulate-oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, 

 pinnately lobed or parted, 10-30 cm. long, 2-8 cm. wide, ob- 

 tuse, mucronate; scapes as long as to shorter than the leaves at 

 anthesis; heads 3-4.5 cm. across; involucres 1.7-2 cm. long, 

 the outer bracts appressed or slightly spreading, ovate or ovate- 

 oblanceolate, small corniculate or not so, the inner narrowly 

 lanceolate, usually not corniculate; achenes 5-6 mm. long, 

 obovoid-oblong, with loose spinelike mbercles toward the tip, 



with warty tubercles toward the base. Honshu (Shinano, 



Hitachi Prov. and n. distr.). 



64. HIERACIUM L. Miyama-k6zori-na Zoku 



Perennial herbs; stems leafy; leaves alternate, cauline or radical, entire or toothed; heads soUtary, or in loose panicles or 

 corymbs, yellow to orange-yellow, rarely red; involucres tubular-campanula te, usually with blackish hairs, the bracts narrow, her- 

 baceous, the inner nearly equal; receptacle flat, glabrous or hairy; corollas all lingulate, the tube slighriy shorter to as long as the 

 limb, truncate, 5-toodied at apex; achenes cylindric, smooth, 10- or 15-ribbed and terete, or 4- or 5-ribbed and angled, truncate at 



apex; pappus-brisdes many, 1- or 2-seriate, firm, simple, persistent. About 400 species, especially abundant in Europe, few in 



N. and S. America, Asia, and S. Africa. 



lA. Stems 10-30 cm. long, few-leaved; cauline leaves, or some of them, oblanceolate, obute to subobtuse, glandular-hairy and with long 

 spreading coarse hairs, mucronate-toothed ; achenes about 2 mm. long \. H. japonictim 



IB. Stems 40-80 cm. long, many-leaved; cauline leaves, or some of them, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acuminate, scabrous on margin 

 and often on underside, entire or with few short teeth; achenes 3-3.5 mm. long 2. H. umbellatum var. japonicum 



H. umbellatum var. serotinum sensu auct. Japon., non DC. 



Yanagi-tampopo. Perennial; stems erect, simple, rarely 

 branched, firm, terete, 40-80 cm. long; cauline leaves many, 

 the median rather thick, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 4-12 

 cm. long, 5-12 mm. wide, acuminate, sessile, scabrous on mar- 

 gin and often on underside, entire or with few short teeth; 

 heads few, in terminal subumbellate corymbs, yellow, 2.5-3.5 

 cm. wide, the pedicels white-puberulent; involucres nearly gla- 

 brous, greenish black, 1-1.3 cm. long; achenes red-brown, 



3-3.5 mm. long, brownish. Aug.-Sept. Grassy slopes in 



mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku. s. Kuriles, Sa- 

 khalin, and Korea. The typical phase occurs in Europe, Asia, 

 N. Africa, and N. America. 



1. Hieracium japonicum Fr. & Sav. Miyama-kozori- 

 NA. Perennial rhizomatous herb; stems 10-30(-40) cm. 

 long, few-leaved; radical leaves membranous, oblanceolate, 

 5-10(-15) cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, obtuse to subobtuse, 

 mucronate-toothed, glandular-hairy and with long-spreading 

 coarse brownish hairs; lower cauline leaves similar to the 

 radical, sessile, clasping at base, the upper leaves small; heads 

 few, deep yellow, 1.5-2 cm. across; pedicels, upper part of 

 stems, and back of involucral bracts with long-spreading coarse 

 brown hairs and dense red-brown short hairs; involucres 

 blackish, 6-8 mm. long; achenes about 2 mm. long; pappus 



pale brown. July-Aug. Alpine grassy slopes; Honshu 



(centr. and n. distr.). 



2. Hieracium umbellatum L. var. japonicum Hara. 



65. HOLOLEION Kitam. Sui ran Zoku 



Nearly glabrous stoloniferous perennials; leaves narrow, alternate; heads erect at anthesis; involucres terete, cylindric, the 

 bracts herbaceous, the inner nearly equal, the outer gradually becoming shorter; receptacle flat, alveolate; corollas all lingulate, 

 yellow, truncate, 5-toothed, the tube much shorter than the limb; achenes linear-oblong, 6-9 mm. long, 4-angled, truncate; 

 pappus-brisdes 1-seriate, nearly equal, persistent or deciduous, minutely scabrous. About 3 species, in e_ Asia. 



lA. Outer involucral bracts lanceolate to narrowly deltoid, acute; achenes 7.5-9 mm. long; peduncles 3.5-10 cm. long \. H. \rameri 



IB. Outer involucral bracts ovate-lanceolate, obtuse; achenes 5.5-6 mm. long; peduncles 1.5-3(-6) cm. long 2. H. maximoiviczii 



