Compos iTAE 



927 



5A. Beak I/5-I/3 as long as the body of achene. 



6A. Involucres 4-5 mm. long at anthesis; achenes about 2.5 mm. long 5. /. makjnoana 



6B. Involucres 6-9 mm. long at anthesis; achenes 3-5 mm. long. 



7A. Radical leaves broadly linear to oblong-lanceolate, rarely nearly oblong, acute to acuminate; heads in loose corymbs; in- 

 volucres 7-9 mm. long 6. /. dentata 



73. Radical leaves orbicular to broadly ovate, rounded; heads in dense corymbs; involucres about 6 mm. long. . . 7.1. nipponka 

 5B. Beak nearly as long as the body of achene. 



8A. Involucres about 5 mm. long; pappus brown 8. /. laevigata var. lanccolata 



8B. Involucres 9-11 mm. long; pappus white. 



9A. Radical leaves many, broadly linear, usually entire; outer involucral bracts somewhat unequal, often ascending at tip. 



9. /. tamagawaensis 

 9B. Radical leaves rather few, spathulate, mucronate-toothed or incised; outer involucral bracts nearly equal, appressed. 



10. /. chinensis var. strigosa 



1. Lxeris repens (L.) A. Gray. Prenanthes repens L.; 4. Ixeris polycephala Cass. Lactuca polycep/iala (Cass.) 



Lactuca repens (L.) Benth. Hama-nica-na. Stems rather Benth. & Hook, f.; L. matsumurae Makino; /. matsumurae 



slender, much elongate below ground, remotely leafy; leaves (Makino) Nakai; L. biaurieulata Lev. & Van't. No-nica- 



rather thick, long-petiolate, 3- to 5-angled, cordate, palmately na. Glaucous biennial; stems 15-40 cm. long, erect, often 

 3- to 5-cleftj -parted, or -divided, 3-5 cm. long and as wide, the branched at base; radical leaves linear-lanceolate, 10-25 cm. 

 segments broadly elliptic, rounded at apex, 2- to 3-lobed and long, 7-15 mm. wide, acuminate, narrowed to a petiolelike 

 obsoletely toothed; scapes axillary from radical leaves, 3-15 cm. base, entire; cauline leaves few, 7-15 cm. long, sessile, sagittate; 

 long, 2- to 5-headed, the lowest bracts sometimes subfoliaceous; inflorescence umbclliform; heads about 8 mm. across, pedi- 

 heads about 3 cm. across, rather many-flowered; involucres 11- celled, yellow, nodding at maturity; involucres 7-8 mm. long 

 14 mm. long, the outer involucral bracts rather prominent, in fruit, the inner bracts 8-9, narrowly lanceolate; achenes 

 about 2/5-1/2 as long as the inner, the inner bracts 6-8; fusiform, obtuse at base, 3-3.5 mm. long, deeply sulcate, 

 achenes about 5 mm. long; pappus white, 5-6 mm. long. acutely winged, the beak about 1.5 mm. long; pappus snow- 

 May-July. Sandy beaches; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- white, about 5 mm. long. May. Wet places around paddy 



shu; common. Formosa, Ryukyus, China, Korea, Man- fields; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Ryukyus, For- 



churia, and Kamchatka. mosa, Korea, China, India to the Caucasus. Forma dis- 



2. Ixeris japonica (Burm.) Nakai. Lapsana japonica secta (Makino) Ohwi. Lactuca matsumurae var. dissects 



Burm.; Prenanthes debilis Thunb.; /. debilis (Thunb.) A. Makino Kikuba-no-niga-na. Leaves pinnately dissected. 



Gray; Lactuca debilis (Thunb.) Benth.; /. japonica formae Ixeris X sekimotoi Kitam. No-ji-shibari. Hybrid of 



Integra and sinuata of Nakai Ji-shibari, O-ji-shibari, 1. japonica X L polycephala. 



TsuRU-NiG.vNA. Perennial herb with slender, creeping, 5. Ixeris makinoana (Kitam.) Kitam. Lactuca thunber- 



branched, leafy stems; leaves oblanceolate to spathulate-elliptic, gii var. angustifolia Makino; L. dentata var. angustifolia (Ma- 



6-20 cm. long inclusive of the petioles, 1.5-3 cm. wide, obtuse kino) Makino; L. mal(inoana Kitam.; /. dentata var. angusti- 



to rounded, entire or loosely toothed on the lower half, long- jolia (Makino) Nakai Hosoba-niga-na. Perennial herb; 



petiolate; scapes 10-30 cm. long, sometimes with a single leaf; stems erect, 30-40 cm. long, branched at the top, loosely few- 

 heads 1-5, 2.5-3 cm. across, rather many-flowered, pedicelled, leaved; radical leaves linear or linear-oblanceolate, 6-13 cm. 

 yellow; involucres 12-14 mm. long, the inner bracts about 8; long, 3-7 mm. wide, acuminate at both ends, entire; cauline 

 achenes about 4 mm. long, narrowly fusiform, deeply sulcate, leaves simulating the radical, sessile, suberect; heads many, 

 acutely winged, the beak about 2.5 mm. long; pappus white, loosely arranged, yellow, 6-7 mm. across; involucres 5-6 mm. 



about 7 mm. long. May. Cultivated fields and waste long in fruit, the inner bracts about 5, broadly linear; achenes 



grounds in lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; about 2.5 mm. long, lanceolate, rather narrowly ribbed, the 



common. Ryukyus and Korea. beak very short; pappus 2.5-3 mm. long, brown. May- 



3. Ixeris stolonifera A. Gray. Lactuca stolonijera (A. June. Honshu (Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Gray) Benth. 1wa-niga-na, Ji-shibari, Hai-ji-shibari. 6. Ixeris dentata (Thunb.) Nakai. Prenanthes dentata 



Prostrate, very slender, branched perennial; stems remotely Thunb.; /. thunbergii A. Gray; Lactuca thunbergii (A. Gray) 



leafy; leaves thin, ovate-orbicular, broadly ovate to broadly Maxim.; L. dentata (Thunb.) Robins. Nica-na. Percn- 



elliptic, 2-8 cm. long inclusive of the petioles, 2-8 cm. wide, nial herb with short rhizomes, rarely with short stolons; stems 

 rounded at both ends, entire or loosely toothed on margin; erect, 20-50 cm. long, rather slender, few-leaved; radical 

 scapes slender, 8-15 cm. long; heads 1-3, 2-2.5 cm. across, leaves broadly linear to oblong-lanceolate, rarely oblong, long- 

 yellow; involucres 8-10 mm. long, the inner bracts usually petiolate, the blades 3-10 cm, long, 5-30 mm. wide, acute to 

 9 or 10; achenes narrowly fusiform, about 3 mm. long, rather acuminate, rarely rounded and mucronate, entire or remotely 

 narrowly winged, the beak as long as the body of achene; mucronate-toothed, rarely shallowly incised; cauline leaves 



pappus white, about 5 mm. long. May-June. Cultivated rather short, sessile, auriculate-clasping; heads in loose cor- 



fields, waste grounds, and open mountain slopes; Hokkaido, ymbs, about 15 mm. across, yellow or rarely white, usually 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Forma sinuata 5-flowered; involucres 7-9 mm. long, the inner bracts 5-6; 



(Makino) Ohwi. Lactuca stolonifera var. sinuata Makino achenes 3-3.5 mm. long, beak less than 1 mm. long; pappus 



Kikuba-ji-shibari. Leaves pinnately incised. Forma brown, about 4 mm. long. May-July. Sunny places in low- 



capillaris (Nakai) Ohwi. Lactuca capillaris (Nakai) Ma- lands and low mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 



kino & Nemoto; /. stolonifera subsp. capillaris (Nakai) Kitam. shu; very common. s. Kuriles, Ryukyus, and Korea. 



MiYAMA-iw.A-NiGA-NA. Slender alpine phase. Var. albiflora (Makino) Nakai. Lactuca thunbergii var. 



Ixeris X nikoensis Nakai. Alleged hybrid of /. stolonifera albiflora Makino; /. dentata var. amplifolia forma leucantha 

 X /. tamagawaensis. Hara Shirobana-hana-niga-na. Plant somewhat larger; 



