COMPOSITAE 



929 



10-20 cm. long, 5-10 cm. wide, pinnately divided, the terminal 

 segments usually deltoid, acuminate, mucronate-toothed, the 

 petioles wingless, upper leaves membranous, gradually smaller, 

 lanceolate, broadly winged and petiolelike at base, nearly gla- 

 brous; panicle 15-30 cm. long, glabrous; heads about 1 cm. 

 across, rather few-flowered; involucres 1-1.2 cm. long, the in- 

 ner bracts 7-8, the outer ones much shorter than the inner; 

 achenes lanceolate, nearly beakless, 3-3.5 mm. long, weakly 

 ribbed: pappus white, about 6 mm. long. June-Aug. Hon- 

 shu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



2. Lactuca sibirica (L.) Benth. Sonchtis sibiricus L.; 



Mulgedium sibiriciim (L.) Less. Ezo-muras.\ki-niga-na. 



Glabrous perennial herb; stems erect, usually simple, 60-100 

 cm. long; leaves lanceolate, 7-12 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, 

 acuminate, mucronate-toothed, sometimes incised, slightly 

 glaucous beneath, sessile; inflorescence a corymb; heads few to 

 rather many, 3-3.5 cm. across, blue-purple; involucres 12-15 

 mm. long, the inner bracts about 15, the outer ones unequal; 

 achenes lanceolate, scarcely beaked, ribbed, smooth; pappus 



white, about I cm. long. July-Aug. Hokkaido. Ku- 



riles, Sakhalin, n. Korea, Siberia, and Europe. 



3. Lactuca indica L. var. laciniata (O. Kuntze) Hara. 

 Prenanthes laciniata Houtt.; P. sqiiarrosa Thunb.; L. laciniata 



(Houtt.) Makino; L. squarrosa var. laciniata O. Kuntze 



Aki-no-nogeshi. Large glabrous annual or biennial; stems 

 erect, stout, usually simple or branched toward the top, 80- 

 150 cm. long; leaves lanceolate or narrowly oblong in oudine, 

 10-30 cm. long, acuminate, usually pinnately incised or parted, 

 glaucous beneadi; upper leaves usually entire, small; inflores- 

 cence a narrow cylindrical panicle 20-40 cm. long; heads about 

 2 cm. across, pale yellow; involucres 12-15 mm. long, the 

 inner bracts about 8; achenes about 5 mm. long inclusive of a 

 very short beak, 2.5 mm. wide, 1-ribbed on each side; pappus 

 white, 7-8 mm. long. Sept.-Nov. Grassy places in low- 

 lands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. 



Korea, Ryukyus, and Formosa. Forma indivisa (Makino) 



Hara. L. laciniata forma indivisa Makino Hosoba-aki-no- 



NOGESHi. Leaves undivided, narrowly to broadly lanceolate. 



Occurs with the typical phase. 



Var. dracoglossa (Makino) Kitam. L. dracoglossa Makino 

 Ryuzetsu-sai. Leaves large, entire. Cultivated. 



4. Lactuca raddeana Maxim, var. raddeana. L. al- 



liariaejolia Lev. & Van't. Ch6sen-yama-nica-na. Achenes 



2-3 mm. long, 4- or 5-ribbed on both sides; florets 9-14. 



Kyushu. e. Asia. 



Var. elata (Hemsl.) Kitam. L. raddeana sensu auct. 

 Japon., non Maxim.; L. elata Hemsl. Yama-niga-na. An- 

 nual or biennial herb; stems erect, terete, usually simple, 60-80 

 cm. long, sometimes with multicellular crisped hairs; leaves 

 membranous, ovate or deltoid-ovate, glaucescent beneath; 

 lower leaves often pinnately divided, widi a long wingless 

 petiole; median leaves truncate, with a broadly winged petiole, 

 scarcely clasping; upper leaves smaller, broadly rhombic- 

 lanceolate, gradually narrowed at base, sometimes sparingly 

 hairy on upper surface; inflorescence a cylindrical panicle, 20- 

 40 cm. long; heads narrow, about I cm. across; florets 8-10, 

 pale yellow; involucres about 1 cm. long, the inner bracts about 

 5; achenes obovate-oblong, about 4 mm. long inclusive of the 

 very short beak, 1.5 mm. wide, 3-ribbed on each side; pappus 

 white, about 6 mm. long. Aug.-Sept. Mountains; Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Cliina and Indochina. 



Lactuca X aogashimaensis Kitam. Yama-aki-no- 

 NOGESHi. Hybrid of L. indica X L. raddeana. 



5. Lactuca triangulata Maxim. Miyama-aki-no- 

 NocESHi. Glabrous biennial herb; stems erect, up to 1 m. long, 

 terete, simple or sometimes branched, rather loosely leafy; 

 leaves thin, deltoid or deltoid-cordate, acuminate, irregularly 

 mucronate-toothed, whiush beneath, the petioles winged, 

 clasping; upper leaves smaller and narrower, the pedoles not 

 clasping; inflorescence rather many-headed. Aug. Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu (mountains of centr. distr.). Korea, Man- 

 churia, and Sakhalin (var.). 



71. SONCHUS L. Hachij6-na Zoku 



Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs sometimes woody at base; leaves alternate, usually auriculate-clasping, often with callose 

 hairs or spinose on margin; involucres ovoid or campanulate, the bracts many-seriate; receptacle flat, glabrous; corollas Ungulate, 

 yellow, truncate, 5-toothed; achenes slightly flattened, 10- to 20-ribbed, slightly narrowed at both ends, beakless, glabrous; pappus- 



brisdes many-seriate, very slender, snow-white, connate at base into a ring, deciduous as a whole. About 45 species, 



indigenous of the Old World, few widely distributed and naturalizing. 



1 A. Perennial herbs with long rhizomes; heads 4-5 cm. across 1 . S. brachyotis 



IB. Annual or biennial herbs without rhizomes; heads about 2 cm. across. 



2.\. Cauline leaves irregularly spine-toothed; achenes scaberulous, longitudinally striate 2. 5. olcraceits 



2B. Cauline leaves rather densely spine-toothed; achenes nearly smooth, 3-ribbed on each side 3. 5. asper 



1. Sonchus brachyotis DC. S. shzticinianns Turcz. ex Kuriles, Sakhalin, Korea, China, Siberia, and Altai Mts. 



Trautv.; S. arvensis var. iiliginostis sensu auct. Japon., non 2. Sonchus oleraceus L. Nogeshi, Haru-no-nogeshi, 



Trautv. Hachi;6-na. Slightly glaucous long-creeping Keshi-azami. Nearly glabrous annual or biennial; stems 



rhizomatous perennial herb; rhizomes with short white woolly stout, 50-100 cm. long, often branched, hollow; lower leaves 

 hairs on upper part while young; stems erect, .30-80 cm. long, oblong-lanceolate, 15-50 cm. long, 5-8 cm. wide, winged- 

 usually simple; cauline leaves radier numerous, oblong-lanceo- petiolatc, pinnately parted to divided, irregularly spine- 

 late to narrowly oblong, 10-20 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, obtuse, toothed; median leaves sessile, auriculate-clasping; heads about 

 glaucous beneath, obtusely rounded and auriculate-clasping at 2 cm. across, umbelliform, yellow, the peduncles glandular- 

 base, often incised or pinnately lobed; heads few, 4-5 cm. hairy; involucres 1.2-1.5 cm. long; achenes narrowly obovate, 

 across, subumbellate, yellow; involucres 1.5-2 cm. long, the 2.5-3 mm. long, with scaberulous ribs; pappus about 6 mm. 

 outer bracts ovate-deltoid; achenes about 3 mm. long, slightly long. May-Aug. Waste grounds and roadsides in low- 

 scabrous, with few longitudinal ribs on both sides; pappus lands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. 



about 12 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. Sunny grassy places and Sakhalin, Korea, Formosa, Ryukyus, Europe, and N. America. 



cultivated fields; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 3. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill. S. oleraceus var. asper L. 



