930 



COMPOSITAE 



Oni-nogeshi. Nearly glabrous annual or biennial herb; 



stems branched, 50-100 cm. long, hollow; leaves ovate-oblong, 

 large, often incised or pinnately parted, rather closely spine- 

 toothed; upper leaves dilated at base, auriculate; heads about 



2 cm. across, umbelliform, yellow; involucres 1.2-1.3 cm. long; 

 achenes narrowly obovate, flattened, smooth or nearly so, with 



3 ribs or nerves on each side; pappus 7-8 mm. long. May- 



Oct. European weed, naturalized in our area. 



72. YOUNGIA Cass. Oni-tabira-ko Zoku 



Pubescent or glabrous annuals, biennials, or perennials; stems usually much branched; leaves alternate, usually pinnately di- 

 vided, often prominently dilated at the base and clasping; heads small, in corymbs or panicles, pedicelled; involucres mbular- 

 campanulate, the inner bracts 1-seriate; corollas ligulate, yellow, truncate, 5-toothed; achenes oblong-linear, slightly flattened, 



many-ribbed, beakless or short-beaked; pappus-bristles 1-seriate, many, persistent or the bristies separately deciduous. About 



50 species, in e. Asia, India, and Australia. 



lA. Plant pubescent; inflorescence a corymbose-panicle; achenes beakless; pappus-bristles persistent 1. Y. japonica 



IB. Plant glabrous; inflorescence a terminal or axillary corymb; achenes short-beaked; pappus-bristles separately deciduous from the basal 

 ring. 

 2A. Leaves, at least the upper ones, auriculate-clasping, mucronate-toothed to pinnately divided. 



3A. Florets 10-13; leaves usually entire, rarely pinnately divided, the upper with large rounded auricles; inner involucral bracts 7 or 8. 



2. y. denticulata 



3B. Florets 5 or 6; leaves pinnately divided, slighdy auriculate-clasping; inner involucral bracts about 5 3. Y. chelidoniijolia 



2B. Leaves not clasping, subentire or with obscure mucronate teeth; florets 5 or 6; inner involucral bracts about 5 4. Y. yoshinoi 



1. Youngia japonica (L.) DC. Prenanthes japonica 

 L.; P. multiflora Thunb.; P. lyrata Thunb.; Y. thunbergiana 

 DC; Crepis japonica (L.) Benth.; V. japonica subsp. ehtonii 

 (Hochreut.) Babcock & Stebbins; Crepis japonica var. ehtonii 



Hochreut. Oni-tabira-ko. Pubescent biennial; stems 



erect, often branched at base, 20-80 cm. long, naked or with 

 1-3 leaves; radical leaves tufted, oblanceolate, acute, narrowed 

 to a petiolelike base, pinnately parted, loosely mucronate- 

 toothed, the terminal segment largest, deltoid-ovate; heads 7-8 

 mm. across, many, in terminal corymbose panicles, yellow; 

 involucres 5-6 mm. long, the inner bracts about 8, the outer 

 much smaller, ovate; achenes about 1.8 mm. long, gradually 

 narrowed at the tip, brown, with slender scaberulous ribs; 



pappus white, about 3 mm. long, persistent. May-June. 



Waste grounds, cultivated fields, and roadsides; Hokkaido, 

 Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very common. Ryukyus, For- 

 mosa, China, India, Polynesia, and Australia. 



2. Youngia denticulata (Houtt.) Kitam. Paraixeris 

 denticulata (Houtt.) Nakai; Prenanthes denticulata Houtt.; 

 P. hastata Thunb.; Y. hastata DC; Y. chrysantha Maxim.; 

 Lactuca denticulata (Houtt.) Maxim.; Ixeris denticulata 



(Houtt.) Nakai Yakushi-so. Slightly glaucescent annual 



or biennial; stems 30-70 cm. long, much branched, often pur- 

 plish red; cauline leaves membranous, spathulate, rarely pin- 

 nately divided, 5-10 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, rather abrupdy 

 winged-petiolate, mucronate-toothed, glaucous beneath; upper 

 leaves Ungulate, sessile, auriculate-clasping; corymbs terminal 

 and axillary, few-headed; heads about 1.5 cm. across, yellow, 

 nodding in fruit, the florets 10-13; involucres dark green, the 

 inner bracts 7 or 8; achenes lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm. long inclu- 

 sive of the short beak, punctate-scaberulous. Sept.-Nov. 



Sunny slopes and roadsides in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, 



Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Korea, Manchuria, China, 



and Indochina. Forma pinnatipartita (Makino) Kitam. 



Lactuca denticulata var. typica lusus pinnatipartita Makino 

 Hana-yakushi-s6. Leaves pinnatiparted. 



3. Youngia chelidoniifolia (Makino) Kitam. Paraix- 

 eris chelidoniifolia (Makino) Nakai; Lactuca chelidoniijolia 



Makino; Ixeris chelidoniifolia (Makino) Stebbins Kusa- 



no-6ba-nogiku. Rather slender annual or biennial; stems 

 20-50 cm. long, branched from base or sometimes simple; 

 leaves thin, petiolate, pinnately divided, the segments 3-6 

 pairs, ovate, 1-2 cm. long, with few incisions or coarsely 

 toothed, the petioles and rachis wingless, slightly auriculate- 

 clasping; upper leaves becoming gradually smaller; heads 

 about 10 mm. across, few, in a corymb, the florets 5 or 6; in- 

 volucres narrowly tubular, about 6 mm. long, the inner bracts 

 about 5, dark green; achenes linear-lanceolate, about 4 mm. 

 long inclusive of the short beak, punctulate, scaberulous at 



the tip; pappus as long as the achene. Sept.-Oct. Honshu 



(Shimotsuke and Yamato Prov.), Shikoku, Kyushu (Mount 

 Ichifusa in Higo). Korea and Manchuria. 



4. Youngia yoshinoi (Makino) Kitam. Paraixeris yo- 

 shinoi (Makino) Nakai; Lactuca denticulata var. yoshinoi 

 Makino; L. yoshinoi (Makino) Makino & Nakai; Ixeris yo- 

 shinoi (Makino) Kitam. Iwa-yakushi-s6, Nagaba-yaku- 



sHi-so. Much-branched annual or biennial herb 30-40 cm. 

 high; leaves oblong-lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 7-15 cm. 

 long, 1-3 cm. wide, narrowed to a petiolelike base, subentire or 

 loosely mucronate-toothed; heads about 1.2 cm. across, yellow, 

 the florets 5 or 6; involucres 6 or 7 mm. across, the inner 

 bracts about 5, dark green; achenes about 4 mm. long inclusive 

 of the short beak, minutely scabrous; pappus about 4 mm. 

 long. Oct. Honshu (Bitchu Prov.) . 



