ILAUFER] RELATIONS OF CHINESE TO THE PHILIPPINES 259 



and his people, and took their country, the name of which was 

 thenceforth 'Luzon-Spanish-Franks.' " l 



In this tradition a repetition of the classic story of the ruse of 

 •Queen Dido in connection with the foundation of Carthage will be 

 recognized at once (see Appendix). That the Chinese tradition 

 regarding the occupation of Manila, however, is not quite without 

 foundation in some details, may readily be seen by a comparison 

 with the Spanish account of Antonio de Morga, whose "Sucesos de 

 las Islas Filipinas" was published in Mexico in 1609. 2 At the Bay 

 •of Manila the Spaniards found two fortified towns separated by a 

 large river, each in possession of a chief. The Spaniards entered 

 the town by force of arms, and took it, together with the forts and 

 artillery, on the day of Santa Potenciana (the 19th of May, 1571), 

 upon which the natives and their chiefs gave in and submitted, and 

 many others of the same island of Luzon did the same. 3 Then the 

 •commander-in-chief, Legazpi, hurried to the scene from Panay and 

 established a town on the very site of Manila, which the chief pre- 

 sented to the Spaniards for that purpose. In the words of De 

 Morga. he took what land zvas sufficient for the city. 



After 1410 no further relations of China with the Islands are 

 recorded until 1576, in which year an imperial army was forced to 

 fight against the corsair Lin Tao-k'ien or Lin-fung.* The inhab- 

 itants of the Philippines took an active part in the suppression of the 

 rebels, and, in recognition of the service rendered to them by China, 

 sent an embassy which traveled by way of Fuhkien. The speaker 



1 The Tung hsi yang k'ao (chap. 5, p. 1 b), after relating the same story, has 

 the following in addition: "The King of Yii-ssu la (Islas, i. e., Spain) de- 

 spatched a chieftain to guard the place. After several years a change in the 

 government took place. The Chinese who formerly traded with Luzon now do 

 their business with the Franks. The Chinese go to Manila in great numbers, 

 traveling to and fro. Those who make a long stay and do not return home are 

 called Ya-tung (Cantonese, At-tung; literally, 'pressing the winter'). They 

 live crowded together in the Kan (i.e., the parian of the Spaniards). The 

 number of those born there has gradually increased to tens of thousands. 

 Occasionally there are found among the elder sons and grandsons those who 

 cut off their hair." De Morga remarks that the Christians among the Chinese 

 differ only in that they cut their hair short, and wear hats, as do the 

 Spaniards. 



2 English translation by Lord Stanley, published by the Hakluyt Society 

 (London, 1868). It is this edition to which reference is made in this paper. 

 A new translation has just been issued by Blair and Robertson in two volumes 

 (Cleveland, 1907). 



3 De Morga, p. 18. 



4 By Spanish authors he is called Liniahou. from the Amoy pronunciation, 

 L,im-hong. 



