2/6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [VOL. 5°' 



peck-measure, which is on the wall. Among these women there are those 

 who really desire to enter the monastery for the cultivation of moral conduct. 

 The sailing-ships made in Spain are extremely large, with very strong sails 

 and spars. They carry guns and cannon, which are kept in readiness so that 

 pirates can not come near them. The people of Luzon avail themselves of the 

 sextant, which reflects the surface of the water, shallow stones, and deep- 

 lying rocks. There is nothing that the sextant can not penetrate. This- 

 method is more convenient and admirable than the compass. Whenever the 

 people of Luzon are guests of the Chinese they constantly make merry. Their 

 ships are supplied with oars, and it is pleasant to note how clever they are 

 in steering. The large sailing-vessels that come to Manila take three months 

 for their voyage up to the time of landing. When these boats return to 

 their home country, the 'nature of the water is not the same, and it is neces- 

 sary to reckon five months for the voyage. The Chinese have now for a 

 century been in mutual commercial intercourse and peace with them. In the 

 period K'ien-lung (l/36-'95) the red-haired Ying-kuei-li (English) suddenly 

 dispatched over ten ships straightway to oppress Manila. They desired to> 

 occupy this country and to convert the people. The padres were willing to 

 pay them off with presents, and thus got free from the English in a courteous 

 manner. 1 The English thereupon turned to China for trading purposes. Such 

 are the records of Manila. 



In a Chinese album containing wood engravings of ethnical types, 

 the "Huang ch'ing chih kung t'u" (*'. e., "Pictures of the Tribute- 

 Bearing Peoples of the Manchu dynasty"), published in 1752 by 

 order of K'ien-lung, we find in the first book (p. 70), among other 

 types of European nations, the portrait of a Spanish Jesuit and a 

 nun, as well as that of a Spaniard from the Philippines, styled "bar- 

 barian from the country of Luzon," and a woman ("barbarian 

 woman") as his counterpart. These two plates are accompanied 

 with the following flattering explanation : 



Luzon is situated in the Southern Sea. It is very near to Chang-chou, in 

 Fuhkien Province. In the commencement of the Ming period it sent tribute 

 to court. In the period Wan-li it was the Franks (Spaniards) who ab- 

 sorbed this country and forthwith gave its name to it. The Franks, being 

 in the southwest of Cambodia, had formerly exterminated Malacca, and then 

 divided the Moluccas with the Dutch (Red-Hairs) until they broke into' 

 Luzon. Their wealth and power increased more and more by sojourning 

 in Macao and trading there. The barbarians inhabiting Luzon (i. c, the 

 Spaniards) are of tall stature, and have high noses, pupils like those of cats' 

 eyes, a mouth like that of a hawk, and their clothing is much adorned. They 

 are identical with the people of Spain and Portugal, in Europe. The women 

 coil the hair, in which hairpins are here and there displayed, and wear ear- 

 rings. The neck is bare, and around the breast they wear a short tunic. 



1 The statement is correct in so far as, after the capture of Manila by the 

 British (1762), the private property of the inhabitants was saved from plunder 

 on condition that a ransom of a million pounds be paid, half of which was 

 in money, and the other half in notes on the Spanish Treasury. 



