FEWKES] EXCAVATIONS AT CASA GRANDE, ARIZONA 329 



These great houses were places for refuge, ceremony and trade. 

 They were inhabited and ruled by the chiefs whose names they 

 bear. The people dwelt in small huts of perishable character, not 

 unlike the old Pima round houses, a few of which still survive. 



In the course of time hostiles bent on pillage swarmed into this 

 region from east and west and drove the agriculturalists out of their 

 Casas Grandes. But, although dispersed, they were not exter- 

 minated ; some of the refugees migrated south into Mexico, others 

 followed the Verde and Tonto into the northern mountains, others 

 still remained in the Gila Valley and were the ancestors of the 

 present Pimas, Papagos, and Kwahadts ; those who went north, later 

 peopled the now ruined houses in the Little Colorado Valley and 

 ultimately joined the Hopis, with whom their descendants still live. 



