550 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [VOL. 50 



The delegates, arranged alphabetically by nations, then marched 

 across the platform and presented their congratulatory addresses, one 

 person from each nation being appointed to act as spokesman, the 

 speeches not to exceed three minutes. The alphabetical arrange- 

 ment, which placed America at the head of the list, was somewhat 

 embarrassing to us, since we were less familiar than others with the 

 customs of Sweden and we had to trust to nature rather than estab- 

 lished custom in making our salutations. After the conclusion of 

 the exercises in the Aula the delegates were presented to the Prince 

 Regent in an antechamber. A student concert in the afternoon and 

 a dinner by the Rector of the University in the hall of the Norrland 

 Nation closed the first day of the celebration. 



The exercises on the following day were ushered in by a salute of 

 cannon at 7:00 a. m., and the town was crowded with people who 

 had come from a distance to see the bestowal of degrees in the 

 Cathedral. It was on this day that the traditions and customs of the 

 Swedish universities — unchanged for centuries — were most impress- 

 ive. At noon the procession of the "promovendi," or those about to 

 receive honorary degrees, entered the Cathedral, in which is the 

 tomb of Linnaeus, in the presence of a large crowd, consisting largely 

 of ladies. After the singing of a cantata composed by Josephson 

 for a University celebration in 1877, and a Festrede, the degrees 

 were conferred in the departments of theology, law, medicine, and 

 philosophy, the candidates being arranged in corresponding groups. 



Those in the different faculties were conferred by the Dean of 

 the faculty, who, as a candidate reached the platform, placed on his 

 finger a gold ring and on his head, if he were a doctor of phi- 

 losophy, a laurel wreath, or, if a doctor of theology, law, or medi- 

 cine, a silk hat of the size of the ordinary silk hat, but with vertical 

 folds which no words can describe. 



As the wreath or hat was placed on the head of each doctor a 

 cannon was fired (in the case of the Jubeldoktar, Prof. Ernst 

 Haeckel, of Jena, two shots were given) and he then passed the 

 Chancellor of the University and the royal family, saluting them, 

 and returned to his original place. 



After leaving the Cathedral the newly made doctors received the 

 congratulations of the students on the steps of the Aula, and Prince 

 Eugen, the only literary member and the most beloved of the royal 

 family, replied in behalf of the doctors. In the evening the grand 

 banquet, attended by the delegates, high officials, and the royal 

 family, including two ladies, was given in the Aula. 



On May 25 a special train took the guests back to Stockholm, 



