$4. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 
obsoletis argenteis et denique margo flavo varius punctis sex vel 
septem argenteis.”’ 
, This edition of ** Ent. Lin.” is a compilation from various sources, 
and probably the author knew but few of the objects of which he gave 
descriptions. In the two descriptions quoted he more or less 
mechanically combines the Latin diagnoses of Linneus, Fabricius, 
etc., into a paragraph without digesting it. 
In the 2nd vol., pt. 1, of his “ Beitr. Gesch. Schm.,’”’ 1790, plate 1, 
figs. A (a.b.), Hubner figured a remarkable insect, which he named at the 
foot arsilache. In the short letterpress concerning it (p. 7) he named 
it cybele. It is an extremely fine aberration of pales with much 
confluent spotting on the forewings, both upper and underside, the 
underside being emphasised in depth of colour quite as much as the 
upper, but the hind marginal markings are much as in an ordinary 
form of pales. The hindwings upperside are very black-suffused with 
conspicuous round, clearly cut spots on the hind margin, and a larger 
round discoidal spot of the ordinary pales ground colour. The under- 
side of this wing has some confluence, and the markings as pourtrayed 
are definite in shape without the usual more or less suffusion of 
shading. In the text Hubner refrained from writing a description, 
stating that the figures are sufficient. 
This aberrational name seems to have dropped out from our 
nomenclature entirely. There is, I think, no doubt as to the figure 
representing an extreme aberration of pales. 
In 1791, Thunberg (or Becklin), in part 2 of his ‘“ Diss. ent. sist. 
Ins. Svec.,”’ p. 384, referred to three forms of pales. 
Var. a, he says, from Sweden, agrees exactly with the description 
of pales in Fab., ‘ Mant. Ins.,”’ vol. 1i., p. 68. 
Var. 8 from Norlandia and Smolandia, he describes as more hairy 
above ; the forewings towards the hind margins broadly spotted with 
fuscous ; the hindwings on the upperside with larger markings, which 
are confluent on the margins (punctis majoribus cum marginalibus 
confluentibus). 
Var. y hindwings above from the base almost to the margins 
black and less hirsute, from Lapponia. (This form is thought by 
some authors to be chariclea, e.g., Herbst). 
According to a reference in Ochsenheimer (1806), in 1798, 
Borkhausen, ‘ Rhein. Mag.,” vol. i., p. 265, dealt with pales, but I 
have not seen this work. 
In 1794 Schneider, ‘‘ Neu Mag. Lieb. Ent.,”’ pt. v., p. 588, named 
Thunberg’s var. y of pales as a distinct species, chariclea. This work 
I have not been able to consult, and therefore cannot give an opinion 
on the statement, 
De Prunner in ‘“ Lep. Pedemontana,” p. 48 (1798), used the 
name arstlache, and says it is the same as pales, Schif., W.V., and 
as the “ pales grande et petite espéce”’ of Engramelle. He says that 
the wings are fulvous below with black spots and that the lower wings 
have 12 silvery spots. This short description is simply an adaptation 
from other authors. 
In 1799 Hiibner, in ‘‘ Sam. eur. Schm.,” gave six figures on plt. 
7, of the pales forms; 34, 35, he ealls pales, 86, 87, arsilache, and 38, 
39, ists. They are generally excellent figures, upper and undersides, 
and presumably males. The pales is a male well spotted on upperside, 
