BRENTHIS PALES, 1TS HISTORY AND ITS NAMED FORMS, 87 
It must be noted here that Schiffermiiller did not indicate the 
character of the underside forewing in his description of pales, while 
Fabricius gives arsilache as a synonym of pales, presumably considering 
it to be identical. 
In 1805 Laspeyres, in “Illiger’s Mag.,” vol. iv., p. 1, etce., 
continued his critical notes on Schiffermuller’s ‘‘ Verz.” of 1776. To 
his remark that Hiibner appears to make three species of the three 
forms of pales (pales, arsilache, and isis), Hoffmannsegg appended a note 
(p. 48) that pales and arsilache of Hiibner’s figures appear to be forms 
of the same, but that isis seems to be distinct (apparently referring 
to figs. 563 and 564 on plt. 110). The forms illustrated by these 
figures are distinguished by the paler or more dusky upperside 
turning to greyish, and on the underside the hindwings are always 
coloured as in pales, mostly brownish, purple coloured, very greenish- 
straw-yellow, and they also appear to have much feebler emphasised 
and less sharply defined markings. In addition, the apex of the 
forewing on the underside is more widely clear yellow. The specimens 
came from South Switzerland. They can in no way be confused with 
the form isis. We have named them napaea—H (Hoffmannsegs). 
Latreille, ‘* Hist. Nat. Crus. Ins.,” vol. xiv., p. 94 (1805), refers to 
pales of Fab. as follows, ‘‘ Ailes fawves, spotted and dotted with black, 
one or two taches rouyes on the forewings; the hindwings of a red- 
brown below with silvery spots.” 
In +1805, on plt. 121, Hubner gave another figure of a pales form, 
figs. 617-618, an extreme aberration. The upperside is rich fulvous in 
ground colour; forewings with basal area dark, central area and centre 
of costa a mass of dark colour, the marginal area with a dark band 
from apex to anal angle, no spotting at all. The hindwings are wholly 
dark except a submarginal band of fulvous crossed by emphasised vein- 
ing with a fine marginal black line at base of fulvous fringes. The 
underside of forewings is uniformly fulvous, with somewhat lighter 
interspaces showing up the darker veining. The hindwing underside 
has a similar radiate character, but more emphasised by there being 
blotches of white colour between the final portions of the veins; there 
are two large silvery coalesced blotches at the base and a distal band 
has a green suffusion. The size is that of a small pales. 
Hoffmannsegg, in “ Ill. Mag.,” vol. v., p. 180 (1806), in an adden- 
dum to his article on the Htibnerian names of the “‘Schm. Hur.,” says 
that since HNsper has a species named napaeae his own name of napaea 
for isis, on Hubner’s plate 110, will not stand, and he therefore pro- 
poses the name dirphya for the figures he has called napaea in vol. iv., 
Le., p. 48 (563, 564). 
This substitution has never been accepted and one rarely meets 
with a reference to it. ~ 
Ochsenheimer, in “Schm. y. Hur.,” vol. i., p. 68 (1807), after 
minutely distinguishing this species under the name pales, said that on 
the underside the forewings are cinnamon coloured, with obscure and 
similar black markings showing through from the other side, and 
which are only distinct in the female, with sulphur-yellow brown-red mixed 
apex. After also minutely describing the markings on the underside of 
the hindwing of pales, he goes on to say that the connection of pales 
with arsilache is not improbable. Pales is smaller, its forewings more 
pointed. The markings on the underside of the hindwings of arsilache 
