88 THE ENIOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 
are more distinct and more clearly defined, but he says nothing about 
the underside of the forewings of arsilache as differing from those of 
pales. 
I believe that most of the specimens of arsilache taken by me near 
Campfer, in 1914, are females. Males were flying near but never close 
on the margin of the water, and were always with very faintly 
showing or absence of the black markings on the undersides of the 
forewings. 
(Lo be continued.) 
SSCIENTIFIC NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 
A Nore on tHe CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE AcT OF PaIRING IN SOME 
While looking up some old records a while 
ago, I came across a short paper by M. Donzel in the dunn. de la Soc. 
Ent. de Hrance for 1837, in which he makes observations “ Sur 
l’Accouplement de quelques Genres de Lépidopteres diurnes.”’ 
Starting from a few casual observations, the writer came to the 
conclusion that the circumstances of the act of pairing might, if 
investigated carefully, furnish generic characters of considerable 
importance, and undertook an extended series of observations on the 
butterflies as to which sex carried the other. In the genus Pieris 
(s.l.) he found that with brassicae, rapae, and daplidice, it was 
invariably the male which bore the female, and inferred that napi, 
callidice, and chloridice would act similarly. He felt sure that crataegi 
would act differently, and later on he proved that in this species the 
female always carried the male, thus to his satisfaction strongly 
supporting his previous contention that this species was not a member 
of the genus [ieris. 
The writer then sums up the results of his observation as follows :— 
Genus Thais: The female carries the male in medesicaste and 
hipsiphyle = polyxena. 
Genus Colias: The male carries the female in edusa, hyale, etc. 
Genus Thecla: The female carries the male in acaciae, spini, 
tlicts, etc. 
Genus Argus=Lycenids: The male carries the females in coridon, 
eschert, adonis (thetis), meleayer, etc. 
Genus Argynnis: The female carries the male in daphne, 
aglaia, etc. 
Genus Melitaea: The female carries the male in athalia, didyma, 
ete. 
Genus Satyrus: The female carries the male in cordula, megaera, 
jurtina, nephele (pamphilus), etc. 
He quite anticipated that in the genus Vanessa as then constituted, 
cardui, atalanta, and prorsa would act in a different manner to 
antiopa, polychloros, ete., and should be generically separated. 
It is pointed out that if similar observations could be made with 
the Heterocera they would, no doubt, be extremely suggestive. 
However, since the time of the natural flight of most of this group is 
at night, it was practically impossible to observe their habit with 
certainty, while on the other hand, of many species when paired, both 
sexes are so inert that they will undertake no flight at all. 
While at St. Moritz in 1914, I met with several cases confirmatory 
