98 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 
of the wing, tapering to a point; on the underside it is generally 
sharply truncated on the second cubital nervule; the marginal black 
dots at the ends of the nervules of the hindwings are very conspicuous. 
In Britain one meets with dwarf specimens in which the orange patch 
is very much reduced; they have been named ab. hesperides by 
Newnham [Fnt. Rec., vol. v., p. 97, 219 (1894)]. 
Leptidea sinapis, L. (form transiens, mihi, and form bivittata, 
mihi).—As I point out in Rhopalocera Palaearctica, page 343, Billberg, 
author of this generic name, spelt it correctly, but subsequent writers 
took it up as Leptidia, and the mistake has been carried on up to the 
present day. It will be good when the original descriptions are all 
cleared up so that literature can be freed from these mistakes. 
Leptidea sinapis has two well defined seasonal forms; in the spring 
brood the underside of the hindwings is nearly entirely greyish-green, 
with only a few gpaces of the white or yellowish ground-colour; the 
apical patch of the upperside is, moreover greyish, diffnsed, and wide- 
spread ; in the summer brood the underside is white or yellowish with 
only two greyish bands across the hindwings; the apical patch has 
less extension and is of a deeper black colour. 
The Linnean description applies equally well to the two broods, 
and Hubner named the spring one lathyri, so that the summer brood 
was generally considered the nymo-typical one. But unfortunately 
this has turned out incorrect on examination of the specimen left to 
us by Linneus, so that the name lathyri ought to be dropped and 
another name given to the second brood; bivittata might be chosen 
as a simple descriptive name. 
L. sinapis does not vary much in Kurope; race pseudoduponchelt, 
Verity, from the South of France, and race major, Grund, from the 
Adriatic coast, are the only two distinct races. Individual variation 
tends towards the male form diniensts, Boisd., and the female form 
erysimt, Borkh., in which the markings disappear entirely on the 
undersides in the former, and on both sides in the latter. These get 
more and more abundant southwards during the summer ; it would be 
interesting to have records of their capture as British aberrations. 
The British race is quite similar in both generations to the nymo- 
typical one; it is a little smaller than the one from the South of 
Europe; a careful comparison also shows that the dark bands on the 
underside of the hindwings in the summer broods are more diffused 
than in Italian specimens, thus differing a little less from the spring 
brood than in the latter region; form transiens, mibi; ‘‘ types”? from 
the New Forest in July. 
Colias hyale, L.—The specimens of this species collected for me 
near Braintree, in Essex, in August, 1900, are very similar to the late 
autumn specimens of Southern Europe; they are very small in size, 
of a very pale yellow with the discoidal spot of the hindwings large, 
but very pale too (more dark yellow than orange), and that of the fore- 
wing very large as compared to the size of the butterfly; the black 
shading at the base of the wings is very wide-spread ; the black mar- 
ginal border very wide, its inner half nearly reaching the hind margin, 
as well as its outer one, and the yellow spaces being limited in extent ; 
