102 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 
Hurope, showing he had received it from that country. Ifit be thought 
useful in future, when analysis has made still further progress, to dis- 
tinguish the larger and brighter form by a name, creta would be a suit- 
able one. 
British specimens generally have a white margin instead of a 
yellow one. This is probably due to the fact they are immigrants, 
earried to Kngland by their powerful flight, which have got discoloured 
by age. In Europe no specimen emerges from the chrysalis with a 
white border, but hybernated specimens always lose the yellow colour- 
ing, so that the so-called (see P. c-album) spring brood invariably 
exhibits this character. In the south, larger individuals are met with 
than in the north, and I chose the large Tuscan race, with wide clear 
marginal bands, as my type of ereta. 
Pyrameis atalanta, L.—Northern specimens of this species, as 
well as alpine ones, tend to have broader wings, wider crimson bands 
and larger apical white spaces than southern ones, which culminate in 
italica, Stichel, exhibiting such narrow bands as to be very often split 
up in two or three parts, and a tinge which is also less crimson, being 
of a warmer tone of red. The British race agrees with the Linnean 
specimen. 
(To be continued.) 
Gynandromorphism in a Mongrel Brood of Lymantria dispar and 
its race var. japonica. (JVith one plate.) 
By P. A. H. MUSCHAMP, F.E.S. 
I raised a certain number of larve of different degrees of mongrels 
of Lymantria dispar and its var. japonica this summer, and had the 
good fortune to obtain from one batch of eggs a fine lot of more or 
less gynandromorphous males. While rejoicing in my good fortune, 
I was far from surprised at it, for, according to logical conclusions 
drawn from Dr. Schweitzer’s able writings on this subject in the 
Transactions of the Ziirich Entomological Soctety, one out of every four 
batches of eggs from this particular degree of mongrelisation should 
give all gynandromorphous males. My moths were doubly welcome, 
firstly as a proof of the truth of Dr. Schweitzer’s theory, secondly for 
their own sweet sakes. 
A few words about the larve, these were all of them—pure breeds 
and monegrels—very healthy and active and good feeders. I fed them 
on oak, after trying a couple of families on poplar, which deed they 
did not refuse, but ate reluctantly. I raised them in the house, as 
there are no oaks in my garden, nor indeed in my immediate neigh- 
bourhood. I devoted a whole room to their cages, and found that they 
were hardy enough to survive in the very uncertain temperature we have 
been accorded this year, and an atmosphere that I unduly but daily 
filled with tobacco smoke, for the mortality after the first day or two 
was practically nil—as a matter of fact, in my successful family I may 
say that there were no deaths in the larval state, so far as I could see, 
and I looked into the matter very carefully. From every batch of 
egos I received a certain percentage more males than females; in the 
family about which I am writing 60 per cent. of the whole number of 
moths were females. There was a certain mortality among the pupe, 
