130 THE ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 
nobody having, as usual, taken the trouble to read over the latter 
author’s words again, it was not noticed that they did not in the least 
describe Esper’s species correctly; it was only when I examined the 
original Linnean specimen that the mistake became clear ; I further- 
more pointed out that, besides this fact, the name adippe cannot stand 
in any case, as it is but a substitute made by Linnaeus himself of the 
previous Linnean name, cydippe, a proceeding to which no author 
-has a right. Those who are interested in this question are referred to 
my Original papers; suffice it here to mention that I have consequently 
been obliged to create a new name for the species figured by Esper, 
and that our old friend, the name adippe, must be sunk into oblivion. 
I am not acquainted with the British race of esperi, so that I am 
compelled to put off any observations which might be made about it to 
another occasion. 
Argynnis aglaja, L.—What has been said of euphrosyne ean be 
repeated here, as variation is quite similar in the two species; I am 
responsible for the name appenninicola of the extreme southern race, 
described and figured in the Bulletino della Socteta Entomologica 
Italiana. 
Argynnis (Issoria) lathonia, L.—This species varies less than 
most of its congeners, but specimens from the extreme northern limits 
of its range, such as the type and the British ones, are small and pale. 
The name florens, if found necessary, would be appropriate to desig- 
nate the commoner, larger and brighter form, such as our Tuscan one, 
which can be taken as typical of it. 
Argynnis (Dryas) paphia, L.—Prominent bands and spots on 
the underside of the hindwings characterise the northern specimens, 
such as the Linnean type and most of the British ones; the latter are 
also sometimes exceedingly small, whereas in the south variation in 
' size 1s very limited indeed, and, in point of fact, all the other characters 
are very constant too. 
Melanargia galathea, race serena, Verity, Bulletino della Societa 
Entomologica Italiana, xliv., p. 205 (1912). 
Few species are as fascinating as this one to the eye of a student 
of variation; both its individual and geographical forms are, 
figuratively speaking, unlimited, the limits between normal variations 
and aberrative ones being nearly indiscernible and the latter compara- 
tively frequent. I have in my collection series of hundreds of 
specimens from every sort of locality, illustrating beautifully in a 
systematic way all the individual forms and all the races known; some 
day I intend in fact publishing an essay on the methodical analysis of 
variation, such as will undoubtedly in the course of years be 
accomplished on every species, so as to make variation in space and 
time really thoroughly known and accurately registered by statistical 
data; we shall then be able to follow evolution in its onward course 
and establish the laws which govern it. But before such works are 
accomplished a thorough distinction will have occurred between mere 
collectors and true laborious students of entomology, who will not 
shrink at the thought of dozens of names where one was enough ip 
