134 THE WNLOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 
Brenthis pales, its history and Its named forms. 
By HY..J. TURNER, F.H.S. 
(Continued from page 88.) 
I have very closely re-examined Hiibner’s figs. 563, 564, labelled 
isis, and more carefully compared them with his figs. 38, 39, also 
labelled isis, with the result that [ have somewhat modified my 
conclusion stated on page 86, ante. It must be noted first that the 
earlier figures are of a male, while the latter are of a female, and 
therefore they are not properly comparable as forms, except as sexually 
dimorphic forms, which taken alone they might well be. The male is 
lighter in ground of forewing, the female is richer, the male has less 
extended and coalesced black markings, the female has more, the 
underside of the male has much more bright yellow, that of the female 
has more of a pale sulphur colour, the white markings of the male are 
less in extent than in the female, the red coloration of the underside 
of the male hindwings is of two shades, one a light yellowish-red 
distally, and the other a deeper red basally, while in the female all the 
red coloration is rich and deep. If the coloration of figs. 38, 39 
illustrates that of both sexes, and also if the coloration of figs. 563, 
564 illustrates that of both sexes, then one can separate them 
satisfactorily as forms, but if the difference of colour be only sexual 
the name isis must be the form-name of both. 
Ochsenheimer’s, ‘“Schm. [ur.,” vol. i., pt. I, p. 66 (1807), remarks 
on isis are substantially as follows :— 
‘Isis (dirphya, Hoffmansegg), especially some varieties of it from 
South Switzerland, appear at the first glance to differ so much, that 
one can easily be induced to consider it a distinct species. This is less 
so in the male than in the female, which is sometimes greyish on the 
upperside and on the underside of the hindwings, especially at the base, 
and along the inner margin is given a greenish appearance by the 
various brown and yellow atoms. The markings are also weaker, less 
sharply margined, and the apex of the forewings is covered more 
widely with pale yellow. 
«Among a number of 34 examples of this variety which I have 
before me, there are the slightest and most unrecognisable steps from 
one to the other, as much in the size as in the form and colour of the 
wing; but in the characteristic markings of it I find not a simgle mark 
which can be selected with certainty to distinguish it.” - 
«¢ Pales is found in a few places in Germany, especially in Austria, 
the Tyrol, Switzerland, Sweden and Russia.” 
Ochsenheimer should have shown here that Hubner had two 
designations for isis, figs. 388, 89, and figs. 563 and 564; the latter 
were named napaea by Hoffmansegg, and subsequently re-named 
dirphya by him, i.e., isis, Hb. (napaea, Hisg.=dirphya, Hisg-). 
In 1816 Dalman, ‘“‘ Hor. Sys. Up. Sver. Fjar”’ (Vet. Ak. Hand., 
vol. 37, p. 72), included pales as a species found in Sweden. But I 
have been unable to see this work. 
In “ Schm. v. Eur.,”’ vol. iv., p. 110 (1816), Ochsenheimer noted 
two varieties of pales, one is probably the original of Hibner’s figs. 
617, 618, on plt. 121. Of it he says: 
«‘ The silver coloured spots on the underside of the hindwing run into 
streaks towards the middle, and those at the base are coalesced into 
