160 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 
Brenthis pales, its history and its named forms. 
By Hy. J. TURNER, F.E.S. 
(Continued from page 138.) 
[CorrEction.—On page 185 an error has crept in, for the correction 
of which I am indebted to the careful eye of Mr. L. B. Prout. In line 
30, the date of Llliger’s new edition of Schiff. ‘‘ W.V.” should, of 
course, be 1801. 1822 is the date of the reprint of Illiger’s Magazine, 
the Neue Ausyabe.—H.J.T.| eel 
In 1886 Freyer, in Neu. Beitr. Schm., vol. ii., p. 149, pl. 187, 
described and figured a melanic aberration of B. pales, which much 
resembles Hutibner’s figures 617-18, but with more extension and con- 
centration of the intense black over the whole disc, without a trace of 
the red except a more or less continuous narrow area around costa, 
inner- and hind margin on hindwings, and costa and inner margin on 
forewings. There is a regular sub-marginal row of lighter blotches on 
the hind margin of the forewings. The underside shows no particular 
divergence in colour markings, and the black markings on the disc of 
the forewing below are sparse in number and little in emphasis. 
On p. 150 and pl. 187, Freyer described and figured a form of B. 
pales which he labelled isis. He stated as I have noted above on p. 86, 
that Hibner’s figures 38 and 39, labelled isis, are properly pales. 
Freyer’s isis were obtained in numbers in Switzerland, and he noted 
them as being quitedistinct from both pales and arsilache. He says 
that the ground colour of isis is very dark and comparable to that of a 
female aphirape. The wing shape is nearest to that of pales, but the 
imago is larger. The underside of the hindwing is very pale and not 
so variegated in marking as in pales and arsilache, but well furnished 
with silvery spots. The antenne are longer and the club is stouter. 
It is impossible to criticise Freyer’s figure of the underside as the 
colour has gone in the copy of the Ent. Soc. London library, the 
upperside is strongly marked and coloured, and the size of the figure is 
large and strong in appearance. Freyer gives S. Switzerland as the 
chief range of this butterfly. 
In 1886 Herrich-Schiffer, in his Sys. Bear. Schm. Eur., vol. i., p. 35,. 
treated of pales and arstlache as two separate species. 
He criticised Hubner’s figures as follows :—‘‘34 and 35 show a 
typical form of pales; these figures in the new edition are brighter 
coloured. 38 and 39 show a typical duller female, in the new edition. 
the figure is of a fresher insect. 757 and 758 show an example greener 
on the underside which, like 563 and 564, comes near arsilache. 617 
and 618 represent an almost markingless variety.” 963, 964, and 965. 
he will not give his opinion on. He said, “ 36 and 87 are somewhat 
red arsilache, more distinct in the new edition. 568, 564, on account 
of the scalloped line through the middle of the wing above, and the 
marking on the forewing below come here, except that the hindwing 
passes better for pales. These figures are very similar to specimens in 
my collection which I call pales.” 
“ Arsilache is usually larger, forewing less pointed, its anal angle 
less obtuse, the hindwings larger; the scalloped line through the middle 
of the forewing is formed by the coalescence of the strongly curved 
markings. The underside of the forewings are almost as strongly 
marked as the upperside. The hindwings are somewhat sharply marked. 
