BRENTHIS PALES, ITS HISTORY AND ITS NAMED FORMS, 161 
as in pales. Cell 3 with distinct light, curved discoidal spot ; immedi- 
ately behind this the ground becomes yellow. 
‘« Flies in open neighbourhoods and, therefore, earlier than pales, in 
June and July.” 
Concerning isis Herrich-Schaffer, loc. cit., p. 36, is not so clear. 
‘‘ Hixamples of pales that are larger, especially the female, much less 
red, more yellow, and finally in which yellow-green shows up on the 
underside of the hindwings, come here. The yellow blotch of the 
border of cell 8 does not always extend so far towards the base as is 
usual in pales; one often sees the discoidal spot more distinct in it. 
The underside of the forewing is also black marked, but finer than in 
arsilache, and in cells 1b and 2 never in curved markings. I take all 
Hiibner’s figures except 36 and 37 as pales.” 
He said that pales flies in the high mountains, at the end of June, 
in July, and even in August. 
On page 27 Herrich-Schiffer, loc. cit., referred to Kisper’s figure 4, 
plt. 56, as pales (arsilache), poor, and fig. 5, plate 56, as arsilache, quite 
distinct; to Freyer’s Bettr., vol. 1i1., figure 1, plate 115, as pales, recog- 
nisable ; fig. 2, plt. 115, arstlache, recognisable ; fig. 1, plt. 121, as pales, 
? rough ; fig. 2, plt. 121, as arsilache, 2 rough; to the Neu Beitr., 
vol. 1i., plt. 187, fig. 1, pales, a very fine variety; plt. 187, fig. 2, isis, 
like Huibner’s figs. 563, 564; plt. 205,* fig. 2, pales var. 
Zetterstedt, in Ins. Lap. (1840), p. 897, did not differentiate between 
pales, isis, and arsilache as being found in Lapland. He gave numerous 
localities for pales, only not mentioning the black marking of the 
under surface of the forewings typical of arsilache, hence we may 
assume that he had not met with this form as occurring in Lapland. 
In 1840, Boisduval in his Gen. Ind. Meth., p. 18, held arsilache and 
pales as two separate species. He gave the synonymy as follows :— 
arsilache, H., Fr., Tr. (napaea, Dup.) Julii. 
var. napaea, H. (isis, Dup.). : 
(var. chariclea, Dup. 
Wales Be. O.; Eis Te... Jum: 
var. isis, H. (non Dup.). 
ab. palemelas, Bugnon (error for Bugnion ?). 
Note.—The Vienna Catalogue of Schiffermiiller is not recognised. 
Boisduval ascribed a napaea to Duponchel which is arsilache, Hb., and 
an isis to Duponchel which is napaea, Hb. A re-examination of 
Duponchel’s figures show that it was quite reasonable that Boisduval 
should re-distribute the legends the former author had attached. 
Jn his synonymic catalogue to vol. i., Sys. Bearb. Schm. Eur.,” p. 4 
(1843), Herrich-Schiaffer gave the arsilache of Hiibner’s Beitr. as a 
form of selene; on p. 18, l.c., he gave the pales of Bergstrisser as a 
form of selene, and the arsilache of Esper, plt. 56, fig. 4, as pales. 
So far, I have been quite unable to trace the ab. palemelas, Bugnon. 
This may have been merely a M.S. name which Boisduval adopted. 
Hagen, bib. Hnt., gives no help here. He has a name Bugnion, to 
whom a few short entomological notes are ascribed. 
Herrich-Schaffer in 1843, Sys. Bearb. Schm. Hur., on plt. 55, figs. 
259-262, gave figures of arsilache, upper- and undersides of both sexes, 
which are quite good except that the undersides are hardly rich enough 
* See remarks on p. 134.—H.J.T. 
