164 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 
and that it appears in mid June, when euphrosyne is well out. He said 
that many intermediates occur in the shape of the wings between 
typical pales and typical arsilache, as well as in size. One specimen 
approached in its paler colour the var. isis of the Carinthian Alps. 
In 1869 Tengstrém issued his Cat. Lep. Hn. Fenn., in which, on p. 
294, he included both pales and its var. arsilache as native in several 
provinces of Finland. In a footnote he said that he had observed both 
forms flying together very commonly in the marshy meadows of 
northern Karelia around the flowers of Comarum palustris. {It was 
at the flowers of this plant only that I could take var. arsilache near 
Campfer, in August, 1914.—H.J.T.] 
In Horae Ross. vol. vii., p. 61 (1870), Staudinger in an account of 
the Lepidoptera of Greece, said that Caucasian forms of many species 
occur in that area among which is pales var. caucasica, which comes 
near pales and arsilache. This form is distinct from caucasica or 
either of the other two forms. The black spots on the underside of 
the forewings are fully developed as in arsilache, but the gs have as 
strong a suffusion of greenish on the underside, as is as usual in var. 
ists aS In var. caucasica, but to a much greater depth of colour and 
extent in the Grecian specimens. The upperside of the gs is yellow- 
red, that of the 9s strongly suffused greenish-yellow as in pale pales 
9s. The fringes of the Greek specimens are almost always white and 
black spotted, while in caucasica and pales they are reddish. He named 
the Greek form graeca. 
On plate i., fig. 4, is a good figure. Upperside generally paler than 
type, a worn paler look, black marking well developed and definite, 
outer margin slightly yellow, marginal spots of considerable develop- 
ment with small interspaces, basal areas not black but brown-black, 
tendency to go yellowish in patches on ground colour. Underside of 
forewing, black markings well emphasised and clearly cut, apical area 
largely very pale primrose extending one-third along costa, hind margin 
of a similar colour narrowing to anal angle, only two traces of mark- 
ings in this area, ground colour of a pink shade rather than orange. 
Underside of hindwing, most markings indefinite, partially suppressed 
in number, shape, and size, basal and central areas green of two shades, 
with silvery white blotches of two shades, three or four indefinite 
silvery-white markings on the marginal area, the inner rows of spots a 
series of dull greenish ? rings, ground of marginal area pale primrose as 
in forewings, here and there a mere trace of orange colour, 
The insect is of large size, quite as large as any Alpine ones I have 
seen. 
‘Kirby, in his Syn. Cat. Diwr. Lep., 1871, p. 163, evidently found 
the difficulty of the identification too difficult to solve as his summary 
is the following :— 
A. pales, W.V., p. 177; Hiib., i, fig. 34, 35; fig. 617, 618; fig. 963- 
965 ; Godt., ix., p. 275. 
arsilache, Esp., Schmet., 1., 2, 56, 4. 
Var. a. isis, Hiib., i., 88, 89; 563, 564. 
Var. b. napaea, Hiib., 1., 757, 758. 
pales, Hub., 1., 964. 
Var. c. arsilache, Uisp., i., 2, 56,5; Hb., i, 36, 87. 
napaea, Dup., i., 48, 5 and 6. 
Var. d. pales v. caucasica, Staud., Cat., p. 9. 
arsilache, H.-8., 1., 259-262. 
