166 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 
The Linnean race is a small one, with the fulvous scaling very pale, 
so that, in a general way, the British insect can be referred to it. The 
band-like fulvous spaces are inconspicuous, so much so that in the male 
they are often entirely obliterated on the forewings and limited on the 
hind ones to their outer half, consisting in a series of wedge-shaped 
spots. On the underside of the latter the white band-like space is also 
very limited in space. 
A very pretty form, which is more frequent in England than in 
other regions and also more conspicuous, has the band-like space of the 
upperside of the hindwings divided longitudinally in two distinct parts 
by a narrow diffused brown stripe; the inner part is of the same colour 
as the band-like space of the forewing, but paler, being in fact often 
nearly white, the outer part is of a bright reddish fulvous, and is often 
subdivided transversely into a series of wedge-shaped spots; in some 
specimens the two colours blend into each other gradually ; I propose 
the name bipicta. 
Another fine form, which, as far as I know, is confined to the British 
Islands, and constitutes a distinct race in the northern parts of Scot- 
land, has been named scota by me. I originally described it as much 
lesser in size than a true semele, because I then considered the larger 
Central European race as nymotypical, but now this must be rectified, 
the following being quite sufficient to distinguish it: fulvous band-like 
spaces enormously wide and continuous on all the wings, occupying a 
third of the forewings and one half of the hindwings in both series ; 
they are of a uniform pale fulvous colour; underside of hindwings 
uniformly and thickly marbled with jet black on a pure white ground 
colour; the white transverse space is scarcely discernible and no darker 
outline is visible internally as in other races ; the wing thus acquires a 
very uniform look. Some females exhibit a small diffused patch of 
fulvous scales on the upperside of the forewings, between the cell and 
the band-like space. This character, the broad spaces of the upperside 
and the jet-black (not brownish) underside, curiously enough, consti- 
tute signs of variation in the same direction as the subspecies aristaeus, 
Bon., from Corsica, Sardinia, and Elba, no other form of semele exhibit- 
ine such wide continuous band-like spaces on the forewings of the male 
sex as aristaeus and scota. My typical series of the latter was collected 
on the northern coast of Scotland, in August. 
On the Continent semele acquires greater size and more vivid colour- 
ing as it extends southward; teres, Friihstorfer, is from the Basses Alpes 
(Digne) ; cadmus, Frhst., is the race generally distributed in Switzer- 
land ; the largest known race flies in Sicily, blachieri, Fribstorfer. In 
Africa it again gets smaller, with fulvous spaces limited in extent and 
with a very variegated underside. 
Pararge aegeria race egerides, Staudinger, Catalog der Lepidop- 
teren des Palaearctischen Faunengebietes, i1. edit., p. 30 (1871). 
Linnaeus described the species as fulvous, and gives the most. 
southern parts of Europe and Mauritania as its haunts. It must thus 
be understood that the nymotypical race is the one which is met with 
in Portugal, Spain, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Greece, and North Africa,, 
and probably also in other South-Eastern localities. 
The form which is generally distributed in the rest of Hurope is 30 
distinct from this as to probably constitute a sub-species; the wings 
